Segregación por sexo en la adolescencia y su relación con el sexismo ambivalente
Abstract
La segregación por sexo se define como la tendencia a relacionarse con iguales del mismo sexo. Este fenómeno parece estar vinculado con la aparición de conductas problemáticas, especialmente en los chicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la relación de la segregación por sexo con el sexismo, para lo que 900 adolescentes de entre 13 y 18 años (53,4% chicas) cumplimentaron un cuestionario sociométrico y el inventario de sexismo ambivalente ISA. Se realizaron tablas de contingencia y un MANOVA con dos factores: sexo y segregación, y dos variables dependientes: sexismo hostil, y sexismo benévolo. Los principales resultados señalan que la cuarta parte de los adolescentes, tanto chicas como chicos, mantiene relaciones segregadas, y que las puntuaciones en sexismo son mayores en los chicos, sobre todo en sexismo hostil. Los resultados de la interacción difieren dependiendo del sexo. Así, las mayores puntuaciones en sexismo en los chicos aparecen cuando sus relaciones son segregadas, mientras que cuando las chicas se relacionan con otras chicas, obtienen las puntuaciones más bajas. Y lo contrario sucede cuando solamente se relacionan con iguales del otro sexo, ya que en este caso las chicas alcanzan sus valores más altos, y los chicos los más bajos en sexismo. También se comprueba que, aunque no exista segregación y se relacionen con iguales de ambos sexos, el sexismo también está presente, siendo significativamente mayor en los chicos. Estos resultados se interpretan en función de la investigación previa, y se comentan las principales implicaciones prácticas.
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