Combatiendo la brecha generacional: revisión sistemática de las experiencias intergeneracionales llevadas a cabo en el entorno escolar

Amaia Eiguren Munitis; Naiara Berasategi Sancho; José Miguel Correa Gorospe

doi:10.6018/rie.436791

Authors

Amaia Eiguren Munitis Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-9994
Naiara Berasategi Sancho Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)
José Miguel Correa Gorospe Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)

Keywords: social interaction, lifelong learning, school community relationship, learning strategies, intergenerationality

Abstract

In a society undergoing constant change, the school environment becomes an unbeatable context for combating the generation gap and promoting intergenerational experiences (IE). For this reason, this article aims to analyze IE in the context of formal education to clarify the parameters for action, common characteristics, and benefits. To this end, a systematic review has been carried out from 2010 to 2018 in the Web of Science, Scopus, Education Database (Proquest), and ERIC databases. The search concluded with a total of 515 screened records of which 58 met the inclusion criteria. Also, six specialized websites were analyzed as informal sources. Greater interest has been shown in the problem of the aging population and the promotion of IE in the school environment. The analysis provides evidence of the impact that this type of experience has on the participants (students, older people), the school environment, and the community. Therefore, IE is presented as sustainable alternatives that help to generate more cohesive and inclusive societies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alant, E., Geyer, S., y Verde, M. (2015). Developing empathetic skills among teachers and learners in high schools in Tshwane: An inter-generational approach involving people with dementia. Perspectives in Education, 33(3), 141-158.

Andreoletti, C., y Howard, J. L. (2018). Bridging the generation gap: Intergenerational service-learning benefits young and old. Gerontology and geriatrics education, 39(1), 46-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2016.1152266

Anguera, M. T., Blanco-Villaseñor, A., Losada, J. L., Sánchez-Algarra, P., y Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2018). Revisiting the difference between mixed methods and multimethods: Is it all in the name? Quality y Quantity, 52(6), 2757-2770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-018-0700-2

Atkins, M. S. (2018). “How different can we be?”: Using Tuesdays with Morrie and intergenerational interactions to promote positive views of older adults among college students. Educational Gerontology, 44(9), 586-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2018.1516921

Au, A., Ng, E., Garner, B., Lai, S., y Chan, K. (2015). Proactive aging and intergenerational mentoring program to promote the well-being of older adults: pilot studies. Clinical Gerontologist, 38(3), 203-210.

Babcock, R. L., MaloneBeach, E. E., y Salomon, H. M. (2018). A Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of the Impact of an Intergenerational Program on Children’s Biases Toward Older Adults. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 16(1-2), 123-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2018.1404423

Bauman, Z. (2003). Modernidad líquida. Fondo de la Cultura Económica.

Belgrave, M. J., y Keown, D. J. (2018). Examining cross-age experiences in a distance-based intergenerational music project: comfort and expectations in collaborating with opposite generation through “virtual” exchanges. Frontiers in medicine, 5, 214. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2018.00214.

Beltrán, A. J., y Rivas, A. (2013). Intergeneracionalidad y multigeneralidad en el envejecimiento y la vejez. Tabula Rasa, (18).

Borrero, L. (2015). Intergenerational service learning: bringing together undergraduate students and older adult learners to engage in collaborative research. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 13(2), 188-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2015.1025679

Bridges Together INC. (2012). About Bridges Together. Bridges Together. https://www.bridgestogether.org/

Canedo-García, A., García-Sánchez, J. N., y Pacheco-Sanz, D. I. (2017). A systematic review of the effectiveness of intergenerational programs. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1882. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01882

Carney, G. (19 de marzo 2020). Coronavirus: why young and old must pull together to survive this. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-why-young-and-old-must-pull-together-to-survive-this-133973

Chase, C. A. (2011). An intergenerational e-mail pal project on attitudes of college students toward older adults. Educational Gerontology, 37(1), 27-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270903534804

Chen, S. Y. C. (2018). Learning with active rural community-dwelling older adults: comprehensive effects of intergenerational service-learning in Taiwan. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 16(3), 287-301. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2018.1477645

Chippendale, T., y Boltz, M. (2015). Living Legends: students' responses to an intergenerational life review writing program. Journal of the American Geriatrics 63(4), 782-788.

Comas-d'Argemir, D. (2018). Bienestar infantil y diversidad familiar. Infancia, parentaldad y políticas públicas en España. Ciudadanías. Revista de Políticas Sociales Urbanas, (2).

Correa, J.M., Aberasturi-Apraiz, E. y Gutiérrez-Cabello, A. (2020). La investigación postcualitativa: origen, referentes y permanente devenir. En J.M Sancho, F. Hernández, L. Montero, J. de Pablos, J.I Rivas y A. Ocaña (coords.) Caminos y derivas para otra investigación educativa y social (pp. 65-81). Ediciones Octaedro.

Corrigan, T., Mcnamara, G., y O'Hara, J. (2013). Intergenerational Learning: A Valuable Learning Experience for Higher Education Students. Eurasian journal of educational research, 52, 117-136.

Cortellesi, G., y Kernan, M. (2016). Together old and young: how informal contact between young children and older people can lead to intergenerational solidarity. Studia pedagógica, 21(2), 101-116.

Dauenhauer, J. A., Heffernan, K. M., y Cesnales, N. I. (2018). Promoting intergenerational learning in higher education: older adult perspectives on course auditing. Educational Gerontology, 44(11), 732-740. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2018.1555358

Dauenhauer, J. A., Steitz, D. W., Aponte, C. I., y Fromm Faria, D. (2010). Enhancing student gerocompetencies: Evaluation of an intergenerational service-learning course. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 53(4), 319-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634371003715577

DeMichelis, C., Ferrari, M., Rozin, T., y Stern, B. (2015). Teaching for wisdom in an intergenerational high-school-English class. Educational Gerontology, 41(8), 551-566. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2014.994355

Dreibelbis, T. D. y George, D. R. (2017). An intergenerational teaching kitchen: Reimagining a senior center as a shared site for medical students and elders enrolled in a culinary medicine course. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 15(2), 174-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2017.1294438

Dumont, E. (2017). Virtual Co-presence in an Intergenerational Language-Learning Videoconferencing Project: an exploratory pilot study. Qwerty-Open and Interdisciplinary. Journal of Technology, Culture and Education, 12(1), 39-60.

Eurostat Statistics Explained, (2019). Ageing Europe - looking at the lives of older people in the EU. Eurostat Statistics Explained https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Ageing_Europe_-_looking_at_the_lives_of_older_people_in_the_EU

European Approaches to Inter-Generational Lifelong Learning Consortium (2008). Intergenerational Learning in Europe. Policies, programs y practical guidance. Comité Europeo. http://bit.ly/2PyE0wP

European Civil Society for Education (d.g) Lifelong Learning Platforms. European Civil Society for Education. http://lllplatform.eu/

Fair, C. D., y Delaplane, E. (2015). “It is good to spend time with older adults. You can teach them; they can teach you”: Second grade students reflect on intergenerational service learning. Early Childhood Education Journal, 43(1), 19-26.

Findlay, R. A. (2003). Interventions to reduce social isolation amongst older people: where is the evidence? Ageing y Society, 23(5), 647-658.

Fujiwara, Y., Watanabe, N., Nishi, M., Ohba, H., Lee, S., Kousa, Y., Yajima, S., Fukaya, T., Sakuna, N., Uchida, H. y Shinkai, S. (2010). Indirect effects of school volunteering by senior citizens on parents through the" REPRINTS" intergenerational health promotion program. Japanese journal of public health, 57(6), 458-466.

Gamliel, T., y Gabay, N. (2014). Knowledge exchange, social interactions, and empowerment in an intergenerational technology program at school. Educational Gerontology, 40(8), 597-617.

Genoe, M. R., Crosbie, C., Johnson, B., Sutherland, V., y Goldberg, M. J. (2013). Educating for an aging population: Intergenerational learning within the therapeutic recreation classroom. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 47(4), 276.

Gomila, M.A., Amer, J. y López, C. (2016). Proyectos educativos intergeneracionales, una perspectiva nacional e internacional: la escuela como espacio de intercambio entre generaciones. En Orte, C. y Vives, M. (eds.), Compartir la infancia. Proyectos intergeneracionales en las escuelas (pp. 31-45). Ediciones Octaedro.

Gray, A., Beamish, P., y Morey, P. (2020). Flourish: The impact of an intergenerational program on third-grade students’ social and emotional wellbeing with application to the PERMA framework. TEACH Journal of Christian Education, 14(1), 26-37.

Gualano, M. R., Voglino, G., Bert, F., Thomas, R., Camussi, E., y Siliquini, R. (2018). The impact of intergenerational programs on children and older adults: a review. International psychogeriatrics, 30(4), 451-468. https://doi.org/10.1017/S104161021700182X

Hahn, S. J., Kinney, J. M., y Heston, J. (2018). “So we basically let them struggle”: Student perceptions of challenges in intergenerational service-learning. Gerontology and geriatrics education, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2018.1447935

Hanmore-Cawley, M., y Scharf, T. (2018). Intergenerational learning: collaborations to develop civic literacy in young children in Irish primary school. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 16(1-2), 104-122. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2018.1404421

Harris, P. B., y Caporella, C. A. (2014). An intergenerational choir formed to lessen Alzheimer’s disease stigma in college students and decrease the social isolation of people with Alzheimer’s disease and their family members: A pilot study. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease y Other Dementias, 29(3), 270-281.

Hatton-Yeo, A. (2015). A personal reflection on the definitions of intergenerational practice. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 13, 283-284. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2015.1058319

Hatton-Yeo, A.; Klerq, J.; Ohsako, T. y Newman, S. (2001). Políticas públicas e implicaciones de la investigación. Una perspectiva internacional. En A. Hatton-Yeo y T. Ohsako (eds.), Programas intergeneracionales: Políticas públicas e implicaciones de la investigación. Una perspectiva internacional (pp.9-17). The Beth Johnson Foundation and UNESCO Institute for Education.

Hewson, J., Danbrook, C., y Sieppert, J. (2015). Engaging Post-Secondary Students and Older Adults in an Intergenerational Digital Storytelling Course. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 8(3), 135-142.

Heydon, R., y O'Neill, S. (2014). Songs in our hearts: Affordances and constraints of an intergenerational multimodal arts curriculum. International Journal of Education and the Arts, 15(16), 1-33.

Hwang, H. L., Wang, H. H., y Lin, H. S. (2013). Effectiveness of supervised intergenerational service learning in long-term care facilities on the attitudes, self-transcendence, and caring behaviors among nursing students: A quasiexperimental study. Educational Gerontology, 39(9), 655-668. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2012.734159

Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2020). Proyecciones de Población 2020–2070. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. https://www.ine.es/prensa/pp_2020_2070.pdf

International Child Development Initiatives (s.f). TOY: Together Old and Young. International Child Development Initiatives – ICDI. http://www.toyproject.net/

Isaki, E., y Harmon, M. T. (2015). Children and adults reading interactively: The social benefits of an exploratory intergenerational program. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 36(2), 90-101. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525740114529154

Jarrot, S.E. (2011). Where have we been and where are we going? Content analysis of evaluation research of intergenerational program. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 9(1), 37-52.

Johnson, R. B., y Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational researcher, 33(7), 14-26.

June, A., y Andreoletti, C. (2018). Participation in intergenerational service-learning benefits older adults: A brief report. Gerontology and geriatrics education, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2018.1457529

Kalisch, H. R., Coughlin, D. R., Ballard, S. M., y Lamson, A. (2013). Old age is a part of living: Student reflections on intergenerational service-learning. Gerontology y Geriatrics Education, 34(1), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2012.753440

Kamei, T., Itoi, W., Kajii, F., Kawakami, C., Hasegawa, M., y Sugimoto, T. (2011). Six month outcomes of an innovative weekly intergenerational day program with older adults and school‐aged children in a Japanese urban community. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 8(1), 95-107. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7924.2010.00164.x.

Kaplan, M., Sánchez, M., y Hoffman, J. (2017). Intergenerational pathways to a sustainable society. Springer International Publishing.

Kaplan, M., Thang, L. L., Sánchez, M. y Hoffman, J. (eds.). (2020). Intergenerational Contact Zones. Place-based Strategies for Promoting Social Inclusion and Belonging. Routledge.

Kuehne, V. y Melville, J. (2014). The state of our art: a review os theories used in intergenerational program research (2003-2014) and ways forward. Jounal of Intergenerational Relationships, 12(4), 317-346.

Kuhene, V. (2003a). The state of our art: Intergenerational program research and evaluation: Part one. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 1(1),145-161.

Kuhene, V. (2003b). The state of our art: Intergenerational program research and evaluation: Part two. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 1(2),79-93.

Kuraoka, M. (2015). Intergenerational perception change in ten years at a japanese elementary school. The Gerontologist, 55(2), 194-194.

Lane, K. (2016). “Are you going to come and see us again soon?” An intergenerational event between stroke survivors and school-children. Quality in Ageing and Older Adults, 17(4), 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1108/QAOA-09-2016-0037

Larrañaga E., y Yubero, S. (2017). An experience of intergenerational learning with college students through the graphic novel. Revista de Humanidades, (32), 161-182.

Latorre, C. (2019). El envejecimiento de la población. Oportunidades y retos. Revista ciencias de la salud, 17(3), 6-8.

Lee, O. E. K., y Kim, D. H. (2017). Intergenerational forum to enhance students’ engagement and learning outcomes: A community-based participatory research study. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 15(3), 241-257.

Loe, M. (2013). The digital life history project: intergenerational collaborative research. Gerontology y geriatrics education, 34(1), 26-42.

Lokon, E., Li, Y., y Parajuli, J. (2017). Using art in an intergenerational program to improve students’ attitudes toward people with dementia. Gerontology and geriatrics education, 38(4), 407-424. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2017.1281804

Lokon, E., Li, Y., y Kunkel, S. (2018). Allophilia: increasing college students’“liking” of older adults with dementia through arts-based intergenerational experiences. Gerontology and geriatrics education, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2018.1515740

Lovell, E. D. N., Casey, M., Randall, L., Isaacson, C., Bell, M., Fox, H., Stephenson, K. Scott, A. LaFond, A. Seccomb, E.y Tadday, B (2018). Intergenerational exchange: undergraduate researchers’ learning and listening enhanced through older adults’ entertainment preferences. Educational Gerontology, 44(7), 469-477. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2018.1505334

Macrosad Kooperatiba eta Granadako Unibertsitatea (s.f.). Catedra Macrosad de Estudios Intergeneracionales. Centro Intergeneracional de referencia Macrosad. Macrosad. https://catedras.ugr.es/macrosad/pages/centro-intergeneracional-de-referencia-de-macrosad

Maddox, P., Doran, C., Williams, I. D., y Kus, M. (2011). The role of intergenerational influence in waste education programs: The THAW project. Waste Management, 31(12), 2590-2600.

McCleary, R. (2014). Using film and intergenerational colearning to enhance knowledge and attitudes toward older adults. Educational Gerontology, 40(6), 414-426. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2013.844034

Mezi námi o.p.s (s.f.). Innovative education in the field of intergenerational cooperation support. Mezi námi o.p.s. https://www.activity-register.eu/

Molina, F., Casado Gual, N., y Stončikaitė, I. (2018). University stakeholders, intergenerational relationships and lifelong learning: a European case study. Educational Gerontology, 12(44), 744-752.

Montepare, J. M., y Farah, K. S. (2018). Talk of Ages: Using intergenerational classroom modules to engage older and younger students across the curriculum. Gerontology and geriatrics education, 39(3), 385-394. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2016.1269006

Moreno, P., Martínez de Miguel, S. y Escarbajal, A. (2018). The educational impact of the intergenerational programs: a study from the school and different social institutions involved. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación, 77(2), 31-53.

Manterola, C., Astudillo, P., Arias, E. y Claros, N. (2013). Revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura. Qué se debe saber acerca de ellas. Cirugía Española, 91(3), 149-155.

Martins, T., Midão, L., Martínez, S., Dequech, L., Busse, G., Bertram, M.,McDonald, A., Gilliland,G.,Orte,C., Vives,M., y Costa, E. (2019). Intergenerational programs review: Study design and characteristics of intervention, outcomes, and effectiveness. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 17(1), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2018.1500333

Marx, M.S., Hubband, P., Cohen-Mansfield, J., Darkheel-Ali, M. y Thein, K. (2004). Community service Activities versus traditional activities in an intergenerational visiting program. Educational Gerontology, (31), 263-271.

Mead, M. (1970). Cultura y compromiso. Estudio sobre la ruptura generacional. Editorial Gedisa.

Murayama, Y., Murayama, H., Hasebe, M., Yamaguchi, J., y Fujiwara, Y. (2019). The impact of intergenerational programs on social capital in Japan: a randomized population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public health, 19(1), 156.

Nepper, J. (2014) Learning Through Service: Developing an Intergenerational Project to Engage Students. Educational Gerontology, 40(9), 676-685. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2013.873295

Newman, S. y Sánchez, M. (2007). Los programas intergeneracionales: concepto, historia y modelos. En M. Sánchez (dir.) Programas Intergeneracionales: hacia una sociedad para todas las edades (pp. 37-69). Fundación La Caixa.

Nishita,C. (2015). The one mile project- aging and intergenerational education in high school, The Gerontologist, 55 (2), 301. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnv599.03

Open Democracy. Free Thinking for the world (5 de noviembre del 2016). Together tomorrow” (Ensemble Demain): an intergenerational and intercultural program of education. Open Democracy. Free Thinking for the world. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/together-tomorrow-ensemble-demain-intergenerational-and-intercultural-programme-of-educ/

Organización de las Naciones Unidas (2019). 2019 Revision of World Population Prospects. Organización de las Naciones Unidas. https://population.un.org/wpp/

Organización Mundial de la Salud (15 de junio del 2020). Maltrato de las personas mayores. Organización Mundial de la Salud. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/elder-abuse

Orte, C., Vives, M., Amer, J., Ballester, L., Pascual, B., Gomila, M. A., y Pozo, R. (2018). Sharing Intergenerational Relationships in Educational Contexts: The Experience of an International Program in Three Countries (Spain, Poland and Turkey). Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 16(1-2), 86-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2018.1404414

Orte, C., y Vives, M. (2016). Compartir la infancia, Proyectos intergeneracionales en las escuelas. Ediciones Octaedro.

Pereira, Z. (2011). Los diseños de método mixto en la investigación en educación: Una experiencia concreta. Revista electrónica educare, 15(1), 15-29.

Pinazo-Hernandis, S., Agullo, C., Canto, J., Moreno, S., Torro, I., y Torro, J. (2016). Sharing points of view about education: An intergenerational program with seniors of the third-age university and students in the teacher education degree. Educar, 52(2), 337-357.

Pinazo-Hernandis, S., y Pinazo-Clapés, C. (2018). Literature and transgenerational transmission: Intergenerational project of sponsorship reading in the residential sector. Ocnos, 17(3), 42-54. https://doi.org/10.18239/ocnos_2018.17.3.1799

Pstross, M., Corrigan, T., Knopf, R. C., Sung, H., Talmage, C. A., Conroy, C., y Fowley, C. (2017). The benefits of intergenerational learning in higher education: Lessons learned from two age friendly university programs. Innovative Higher Education, 42(2), 157-171.

Puga, D. y Rodriguez, G. (2019). La solidaridad intergeneracional (SI). VIII Informe FOESSA. Documento de trabajo 6.8. https://caritas-web.s3.amazonaws.com/main-files/uploads/sites/16/2019/05/6.8.pdf

Sehrawat, S., y Jones, C. (2015). Digital storytelling for intergenerational collaboration: a tool for student engagement in aging research. The Gerontologist (55), 215-215.

Sergeyevna, M. y Hidarovna, N. (2014). LMS projects: A platform for intergenerational e-learning collaboration. Education and Information Technologies, 19(3), 495-513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-014-9333-9

Shannon-Baker, P. (2016). Making paradigms meaningful in mixed methods research. Journal of mixed methods research, 10(4), 319-334.

Skropeta, C. M., Colvin, A. y Sladen, S. (2014). An evaluative study of the benefits of participating in intergenerational playgroups in aged care for older people. BMC geriatrics, 14(1), 109.

Soto‐Perez‐de‐Celis, E., Smith, D. D., Rojo‐Castillo, M. P., Hurria, A., Pavas‐Vivas, A. M., Gitler‐Weingarten, R., Mohar, A. y Chavarri‐Guerra, Y. (2017). Implementation of a School‐Based Educational Program to Increase Breast Cancer Awareness and Promote Intergenerational Transmission of Knowledge in a Rural Mexican Community. The Oncologist, 22(10), 1249-1256.

Urrútia, G., y Bonfill, X. (2010). Declaración PRISMA: una propuesta para mejorar la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis. Medicina clínica, 135(11), 507-511.

Varvarigou, M., Creech, A., Hallam, S., y McQueen, H. (2011). Bringing different generations together in music-making: An intergenerational music project in East London. International Journal of Community Music, 4(3), 207-220.

Whiteland, S. (2013). Picture pals: An intergenerational service-learning art project. Art education, 66(6), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/00043125.2013.11519246

Yasunaga, M., Murayama, Y., Takahashi, T., Ohba, H., Suzuki, H., Nonaka, K., Kuraoka, M. Sakurai, R., Nishi, M. Sakuma, N. y Kobayashi, E. (2016). Multiple impacts of an intergenerational program in Japan: Evidence from the Research on Productivity through Intergenerational Sympathy Project. Geriatrics y gerontology international, 16, 98-109.

Zhang, F., Kaufman, D., Schell, R., Salgado, G., Seah, E. T. W., y Jeremic, J. (2017). Situated learning through intergenerational play between older adults and undergraduates. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0055-0

Zucchero, R. A. (2010). Share your experience and I'll lend you my ear: older adult outcomes of an intergenerational service-learning experience. Gerontology y Geriatrics Education, 31(4), 383-402. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2010.528275

Zucchero, R. A. (2011). A co-mentoring project: An intergenerational service-learning experience. Educational Gerontology, 37(8), 687-702. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601271003723487