Self-esteem, motivation and resilience in Panamanian schools with differentiated scores in the TERCE Test

Authors

  • Gabriela Noriega Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Católica Santa María la Antigua, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Panamá. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7837-369X
  • Luis Carlos Herrera Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de Ciencias Sociales, Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Universidad Católica Santa María la Antigua, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Panamá. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2410-7764
  • Markelda Montenegro Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de Ciencias Sociales, Panamá https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-9231
  • Virginia Torres-Lista Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de Ciencias Sociales, Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Universidad Católica Santa María la Antigua, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Panamá. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0603-5111
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/rie.410461
Keywords: Self-esteem, Motivation, Resilience, Academic performance

Supporting Agencies

  • SENACYT (ITE-15-007)

Abstract

Education in recent decades has moved from a traditional context to a context reflective of individual competence, in order to create healthy and inclusive schools that develop professional-social-personal skills. However, it has focused on quantitative aspects, leaving aside other factors that can influence performance, such as motivation, self-esteem, and resilience. The main objective of this study is to analyze the factors involved in academic performance, such as self-esteem, motivation and school resilience in the results obtained in the TERCE test. The sample consists of 568 students aged 10-12 years and 11 teachers from (8) schools of the Republic of Panama chosen from the arithmetic mean (best performance = 5; low performance = 3, in TERCE). The School Self-Esteem Test, the Questionnaire to Assess School Motivation, School Resilience Scale and Test Expectations and Motivational Attitudes of Teachers Test have been used. This study has found that the self-esteem variable correlates with gender, academic performance and school type (P <0.05); it is also affected by the geographical location of students, which also the case for the motivation variable (P <0.05). Children from hard-to-reach schools have an average level of resilience associated with positive levels in the identity-self-esteem dimension. In addition, teachers perceive that school performance is influenced by external factors, giving more importance to grades. In order to learn, cognitive skills, knowledge and strategies are important, which require intention and motivation to be gained.

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Author Biographies

Gabriela Noriega, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Católica Santa María la Antigua, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Panamá.

Has a Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology from Universidad Católica de Santa María la Antigua (USMA). She has a scholarship from the National Secretariat of Science, Technology, and Innovation in Panama (SENACYT) on a Master’s Degree in Neuropsychology from Universidad San Buenaventura in Medellin (USBmed), Colombia. 

She participated in the research project ITE 15-007 (SENACYT), where she developed the thesis: “Importance of self-esteem and student motivation in Panamanian schools” led by the Ph.D Luis Carlos Herrera & Ph.D Virginia Torres-Lista.

Currently, she is participating in projects from the Neurobehavioral research incubator and the Psychology and Neurosciences research group, led by the Ph.D Maryoris Zapata Zabala.

Luis Carlos Herrera, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de Ciencias Sociales, Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Universidad Católica Santa María la Antigua, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Panamá.

Has a PhD in Social Sciences from FLACSO-Costa Rica, a Master's Degree in Social Sciences from FLACSO-Guatemala, a Master's Degree in Higher Education from the University of Panama, and a Bachelor's Degree in Sociology from the University of Panama. He is Professor of Sociology and Research Methodology at the University of Panama and the Santa María La Antigua Catholic University. He is a member of the National Research System of Panama (SNI).

His publications revolve around social inequality, gender gaps, democracy, political parties and education. Among the research projects completed are "Keys to success for quality education, Gender inequality in access to popular election positions, Index of Marginalization in Panama," others in progress such as "Factors intervening femicide in Panama, in indigenous women Ngäbe-Buglé and afrodescendants, The Projects have been financed by the National Secretariat of Science, Technology and Innovation in Panama (Senacyt) and the Catholic University of Santa María la Antigua (USMA). The research project "Understanding the economic policy of China in Panama and its implications, from the expansion of commercial logic to the rise of geopolitics", is a collaborative project with the think tank LSE-IDEAS and the LSE Global South Unit, both of the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).

Markelda Montenegro, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de Ciencias Sociales, Panamá

Has more than 30 years of experience in the field of Law and Social Sciences and more than 40 years of experience in the business area. She has represented the country in leading positions at the regional and international level in the mechanisms of women as vice president of the CIM, OAS, Board of Directors of the Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean. ECLAC, COMMCA. Currently, she is the CEO-President of CENICS.

Her publications revolve around human rights, gender, education, feminicide, among others. He has participated in the research projects "Keys to success for quality education, gender inequality in access to elected office", others in progress such as: "Factors involved in femicide in Panama, in indigenous women Ngäbe- Bugle and Afro-descendants ". The Projects have been financed by the National Secretariat of Science, Technology and Innovation in Panama (Senacyt) and the Catholic University of Santa María la Antigua (USMA).

Her most outstanding experiences: she was the First General Director of the National Institute for Women, according to Law 71 of 2008, by merit contest. In addition, during this period, programs and projects for Equal Opportunities for Women were developed and developed. The Technical Coordination of Public Policy (PPIOM) was designed. Member of the commission in charge of analyzing and drafting Law 82 of 2013 that reforms the Criminal Code to typify Femicide and the prevention of violence against women. In the same way, it coordinated the investigations on the situation of the Woman in Panama (V Report Clara González, Survey of the Use of Time and others); as the construction of a new integral care shelter in Colón, with the support of AECID, the MP and OJ. 2009-2014.

On the other hand, it has cooperated in international projects with the UN System, in matters of institutional strengthening, in the topics of Violence, Trafficking in Persons, Femicide, Refugee Women, Deprived of Liberty, Indigenous and Rural Women, Regional Campaigns, Publications (UNDP, UNFPA, PAHO / WHO, UNHCR, IOM, UN WOMEN, AECID, CIM / OAS, CEPAL, COMMCA, EUROPEAN UNION, ESCA-SICA, EUROSOCIAL, IDB, among others.

On the other hand, she has worked as Human Rights and Municipalist Consultant in CEASPA, in 10 municipalities of the country, elaborating books, manuals and guides to adopt norms in local government to promote citizen participation, the creation of gender offices, systems of Information with transparency, and budgets with a gender perspective.

In addition, she has been a facilitator in the School of Social Audit, in the Ngäbe Buglé Comarca, in the three Regions, on Gender issues. Human Rights, Public Procurement Rules and Transparency. At MINJUMNFA, she served as Ministerial Adviser. Director of Training. She also held the positions of: Coordinator of the Gender Training System, Director in charge of Social Promotion, enabling her to advise on the preparation of the Human Development Report on Youth, UNDP 2004. In addition, she was the creator and coordinator of the community library program, coordinator of the training program for the human rights of women and gender in the Ngäbe Buglé Comarca, the program for the promotion of children's rights, and the national contest Pinto y Aprendo con Nina y Nino, from the book of our authorship. 2000-2004.

In addition, she has a distinguished career as a teacher at the University of Panama, in gender training and the right to professionals from different institutions, the private sector and litigants in the analysis, development and implementation of the law, and human rights with a gender perspective.

(All this information is included in the institutional reports, publications of Panamá).

 

Virginia Torres-Lista, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de Ciencias Sociales, Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Universidad Católica Santa María la Antigua, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Panamá.

Clinical Psychologist, with 14 years of experience, in the field of psychology at clinical and university / research level. As a Postdoctoral / Predoctoral fellow at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, lead by Ph.D Lydia Gimenez-Llort​​. She made a scientific career in the field of Psychological and Behavioral Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) and alterations in Daily Life Activities (DLA), are common problems in patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). BPSD and DLA cause considerable patient distress and disability, as well as caregiver strain and early institutionalization. Modeling this wide spectrum of symptoms is difficult, but in our lab we have shown that the triple-transgenic 3xTg-AD mice created by the laboratory of F.M. LaFerla (UCI, USA) reproduce not only cognitive but also BPSD-like symptoms, however, this research, permit assessing risk factors and preventive / therapeutic strategies, whether pharmacological or non-pharmacological, oriented at a translational level for Alzheimer’s disease. In the other hand, studies DLA is very important for active aging, is a term used to describe the maintenance of positive subjective well-being, (physical, social and mental) for more opportunity to live a long and healthy life (quality of life).

Currently, she is working as a researcher associated with the Universidad Católica de Santa María la Antigua (USMA). At the same time, I serve as a professor of the doctorate of education at the University of Panama (UP), also she is a member of the National Research System of Panama (SNI) and co-researcher of five (5) projects, currently in the Republic of Panama, where one of them is oriented to the field of Education, which seeks to evaluate non-conventional characteristics that may be associated with academic success, is a work that brings new elements or strategies that are interest to public policies, because education is the main engine for the success of every country. In the same way, her training has allowed her to evaluate other fields, such as project organization, personnel management, motivational strategies, among others; which has allowed to make objective decisions and develop solutions to achieve the proposed goals. The Projects have been financed by the National Secretariat of Science, Technology and Innovation in Panama (Senacyt) and the Catholic University of Santa María la Antigua (USMA).

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Published
01-07-2020
How to Cite
Noriega, G., Herrera, L. C. ., Montenegro, M., & Torres-Lista, V. (2020). Self-esteem, motivation and resilience in Panamanian schools with differentiated scores in the TERCE Test. Journal of Educational Research, 38(2), 533–548. https://doi.org/10.6018/rie.410461
Issue
Vol. 38 No. 2 (2020)
Section
Articles

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