Robots de asistencia social y entornos inteligentes en el bienestar psicológico de las personas mayores: una revisión sistemática
Agencias de apoyo
- Financiación: Esta investigación fue financiada por CPP2022_009649, MICIU/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 y por la Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR.
Resumen
Los avances de los últimos años han llevado al desarrollo de robots sociales asistenciales y entornos inteligentes en viviendas asistidas centrados en la prevención y promoción de la salud de las personas mayores, aunque es necesario explorar su evidencia. Por ello, proponemos una revisión sistemática -método PRISMA-, examinando 802 estudios realizados desde enero de 2019 a septiembre de 2024 con el objetivo de analizar la eficacia en distintas variables psicológicas en personas mayores, con o sin diagnóstico de trastorno mental, que residan en una vivienda independiente o residencia comunitaria, tanto solas como acompañadas, de la intervención con robots sociales asistenciales y entornos de asistencia para la vida diaria. Tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 12 estudios. El uso de los dispositivos tecnológicos se contextualizó en diferentes ámbitos de intervención (social, promoción de la autonomía, hábitos saludables, emocional, tratamiento médico-psicológico o seguimiento del estado de salud, adherencia a la medicación y área cognitiva). Se encontró una reducción de los síntomas depresivos y ansiosos, así como una mejora en la calidad de vida, área social, adherencia al tratamiento, sueño y autonomía. El uso de robots de sociales asistenciales y entornos inteligentes son herramientas prometedoras para promover el bienestar psicológico y la calidad de vida de las personas mayores, aunque la evidenia hallada es limitada y variada.
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