La automaticidad en las restas depende del tamaño del problema

Autores/as

  • Alejandro J. Estudillo University of Kent
  • Estefania Bermudo Romero Universidad de Malaga
  • Nerea Casado Universidad de Malaga
  • Jay Prasad Das Universidad de Malaga
  • Javier Garcia-Orza Universidad de Málaga
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.2.173621
Palabras clave: Sustracciones, automaticidad, tamaño del problema, resolución aritmética.

Resumen

Existe considerable evidencia que muestra que las multiplicaciones y las sumas simples se resuelven de manera directa y automática. Sin embargo, la evidencia sobre la automaticidad de restas y divisiones es menos convincente. Usando el paradigma de interferencia en la operación, el presente estudio explora si el resultado de una resta puede ser recuperado inintencionadamente y el rol que juega el tamaño del problema en este proceso. Sesenta y dos participantes tomaron parte en este estudio y tenían que decidir si el resultado de una adición era o no correcto. En las adiciones incorrectas el resultado podía ser la sustracción de los sumandos (7 + 4 = 3) o un número no relacionado (7 + 4 = 5). Nuestros resultados mostraron más errores y respuestas más lentas en aquellos problemas cuyo resultado era la sustracción de los sumandos que en los problemas no relacionados. Sin embargo, estos resultados sólo se encontraron en problemas pequeños (7 + 4 = 3 vs. 7 + 4 = 5) y no en problemas más grandes (14 + 8 = 6 vs. 14 + 8 = 7). Estos resultados sugieren que las sustracciones pequeñas pueden ser recuperadas directamente, cuestionando la existencia de disociaciones entre operaciones. Argumentamos que dependiendo de nuestra experiencia, las mismas representaciones y procesos pueden estar implicados en la resolución de multiplicaciones, adiciones y sustracciones.

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Publicado
25-04-2015
Cómo citar
Estudillo, A. J., Bermudo Romero, E., Casado, N., Prasad Das, J., & Garcia-Orza, J. (2015). La automaticidad en las restas depende del tamaño del problema. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 31(2), 697–704. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.2.173621
Número
Sección
Psicología cognitiva