A global model of stress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)

Abstract

This research sought to analyse stress among mothers and fathers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to determine the relevant variables for its explanation and the possible gender differences. To examine parents' stress, we propose a multidimensional model based on the Double ABCX theoretical model. We argue that the result of stress depends on the following four interrelated factors: the characteristics of the child with ASD (the severity of the disorder and behaviour problems), the social supports, the parents' perception of the situation (evaluate by sense of coherence) and the coping strategies.

Fifty-nine set of parents (fifty-nine mothers and fifty-nine fathers) of children diagnosed with ASD participated in the study. The data were analysed using a path analysis through the AMOS 5 Graphic program. We obtained two empirical models of stress: one model for mothers and one for fathers. In both models, the severity of disorder and the behaviour problems had a direct and positive effect on stress. The sense of coherence (SOC) had a mediating role, and social support was relevant only for mothers. Finally, the results offer some guidelines for professionals working with families.