Ansiedad social subclínica en adultos jóvenes sanos: cortisol y ansiedad subjetiva en respuesta a estrés agudo

Autores/as

  • Marcos Mirete
  • Sergio Molina Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (España)
  • Carolina Villada Department of Psychology, Division of Health Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Leon, Mexico
  • Vanesa Hidalgo Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel (Spain); Aragon Health Research Institute, Zaragoza (Spain)
  • Alicia Salvadoir Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia (Spain)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.483411
Palabras clave: Ansiedad social, Cortisol, Ansiedad subjetiva, Población sana, Estrés psicosocial, Estresor de laboratorio, Diferencias individuales, Eje HHA

Resumen

No existe consenso sobre el patrón de liberación de cortisol y su relación con la ansiedad  subjetiva en situaciones de estrés en población con ansiedad social. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la respuesta de cortisol y ansiedad subjetiva en individuos con ansiedad  social sometidos a un estresor psicosocial agudo. 26 universitarios (58.6% hombres), edad  media = 21.62 ± 0.43, fueron expuestos a la versión estrés o control del Maastricht Acute Stress Test.  El cortisol salival y la ansiedad subjetiva fueron  medidos antes, durante y post-estrés. Los participantes mostraron un incremento en los niveles de cortisol durante las fases de estrés y post-estrés, con una respuesta significativamente mayor en aquellos con ansiedad social. Los participantes con alta ansiedad social mostraron, a nivel muestral, mayores niveles de ansiedad subjetiva, especialmente post-estrés. Sólo en la fase de estrés, el cortisol y la ansiedad subjetiva correlacionaron significativamente en los participantes socialmente ansiosos. Los hallazgos apoyan una hiperresponsividad de cortisol en población  no clínica y joven con alta ansiedad social. Futuras investigaciones deberían estudiar los factores involucrados y efectos de esta respuesta fisiológica en la salud. Asimismo, se resalta la necesidad de controlar la ansiedad social en experimentos que utilicen un estresor psicosocial de laboratorio.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Carolina Villada, Department of Psychology, Division of Health Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Leon, Mexico

Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia (Spain)

Vanesa Hidalgo, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel (Spain); Aragon Health Research Institute, Zaragoza (Spain)

Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia (Spain)

Citas

Almela, M., Hidalgo, V., van-der-Meij, L., Pulopulos, M. M., Villada, C. and Salvador, A. (2014). A low cortisol response to acute stress is related to worse basal memory performance in older people. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 6, art. 157.

Anderson, M. A. and Hope, D. A. (2009). The relationship among social phobia, objective and perceived physiological reactivity, and anxiety sensitivity in an adolescent population. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 18-26.

Beaton, E. A., Schmidt, L. A., Ashbaugh, A. R., Santesso, D. L., Antony, M. M., McCabe, R. E., Segalowitz, S. J. and Schulkin, J. (2006). Low salivary cortisol levels among socially anxious young adults: Preliminary evidence from a selected and a non-selected sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 1217-1228.

Brunello, N., den-Boer, J. A., Judd, L. L., Kasper, S., Kelsey, J. E. and Lader, M. (2000). Social phobia: diagnosis and epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacology, comorbidity and treatment. Journal of Affective Disorders, 60, 61–74.

Caballo, V. E., Arias, B., Calderero, M., Salazar, I. C. and Irurtia, M. J. (2011). Acoso escolar y ansiedad social en niños (I): análisis de su relación y desarrollo de nuevos instrumentos de evaluación [School bullying and social anxiety in children (I): analysis of their relationship and development of new assessment instruments]. Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 19, 591-609.

Clark, D. M. and Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. The Guilford Press.

Condren, R. M., O’Neill, A., Ryan, M. C. M., Barret, P. and Thakore, J. H. (2002). HPA axis response to a psychological stressor in generalised social phobia. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 27, 693-703.

De-Rivera, L. and Abuín, M. R. (2012). LSB-50, Listado de síntomas breve [LSB-50, Brief Symptom List]. TEA Ediciones.

Dickerson, S. S. and Kemeny, M. E. (2004). Acute stressors and cortisol responses: a theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 355–391.

Espín, L., Hidalgo, V., Almela, M., Villada, C., Salvador, A. and Gómez-Amor, J. (2013). Acute pre-learning stress and declarative memory: impact of sex, cortisol response and menstrual cycle phase. Hormones and Behavior, 63, 759–765.

Espín, L., Marquina, M., Hidalgo, V., Salvador, A. and Gómez-Amor, J. (2016). No effects of psychosocial stress on memory retrieval in non-treated young students with Generalized Social Phobia. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 73, 51-62.

Furlan, P. M., DeMartinis, N., Schweizer, E., Rickels, K. and Lucki, I. (2001). Abnormal salivary cortisol levels in social phobic patients in response to acute psychological but not physical stress. Biological Psychiatry, 50, 254-259.

Goff, L., Ali, N. and Pruessner, J. (2013). Stress reactivity during evaluation by the opposite sex: comparison of responses induced by different psychosocial stress tests. McGill Science Undergraduate Research Journal, 8, 1.

Heim, C., Ehlert, U. and Hellhammer, D.H. (2000). The potential role of hypocortisolism in the pathophysiology of stress-related bodily disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 25, 1-35.

Hellhammer, D. H., Wüst, S. and Kudielka, B. M. (2008). Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in stress research. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34, 163-171.

Hidalgo, V., Pulopulos, M., Puig-Perez, S., Espín, L., Gomez-Amor, J. and Salvador, A. (2015). Acute stress affects free recall and recognition of pictures differently depending on age and sex. Behavioural Brain Research, 292, 393-402.

Hines, E. A. and Brown, G. E. (1932). A standard stimulus for measuring vasomotor reactions: its application in the study of hypertension. Proceedings of the Staff Meetings of the Mayo Clinic, 7, 332.

Inglés, C. J., Martínez-Monteagudo, M. C., Delgado, B., Torregrosa, M. S., Redondo, J., Benavides, G., García-Fernández, J. M. and García-López, L. J. (2008). Prevalencia de la conducta agresiva, conducta prosocial y ansiedad social en una muestra de adolescentes españoles: un estudio comparativo [Prevalence of aggressive behavior, prosocial behavior and social anxiety in a sample of Spanish adolescents: a comparative study]. Infancia y Aprendizaje, 31, 449-461.

Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K.M. and Hellhammer D. H. (1993). The ‘Trier Social Stress Test’: a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology, 28, 76–81.

Kirschbaum, C., Prussner, J. C., Stone, A. A., Federenko, I., Gaab, J., Lintz, D., Schommer, N. and Hellhammer, D. H. (1995). Persistent high cortisol responses to repeated psychological stress in a subpopulation of healthy men. Psychosomatic Medicine, 57, 468-474.

Klimes-Dougan, B., Hastings, P. D., Granger, D. A., Usher, B. A. and Zhan-Waxler, C. (2001). Adrenocortical activity in at-risk and normally developing adolescents: Individual differences in salivary cortisol basal levels, diurnal variation, and responses to social challenges. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 695–719.

Klumbies, E., Braeuer, D., Hoyer, J. and Kirschbaum, C. (2014). The reaction to social stress in social phobia: discordance between physiological and subjective parameters. Plos One, 9, e105670.

Levin, A. P., Saoud, J. B., Strauman, T., Gorman, J. M., Fyer, A. J., Crawford, R. and Liebowitz, M. R. (1993). Responses of “generalized” and “discrete” social phobics during public speaking. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 7, 207–221.

Lovallo, W. (1975). The cold pressor test and autonomic function: a review and integration. Psychophysiology, 12, 268–282.

Lundberg, U. (2005). Stress hormones in health and illness: The roles of work and gender. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30, 1017-1021.

Martel, F. L., Hayward, C., Lyons, D. M., Sanborn, K., Varady, S. and Schatzberg, A. F. (1999). Salivary cortisol levels in socially phobic adolescent girls. Depression and Anxiety, 10, 25–27.

Mattick, R. P. and Clarke, J. C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 455-470.

Mauss, I. B., Wilhelm, F. H. and Gross, J. J. (2003). Autonomic recovery and habituation in social anxiety. Psychophysiology, 40, 648-653.

McEwen, B. S. (1998). Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. The New England Journal of Medicine, 338, 171-179.

Moya-Albiol, L., Serrano, M. A., González-Bono, E., Rodríguez-Alarcón, G. and Salvador, A. (2005). Respuesta psicofisiológica de estrés en una jornada laboral. Psicothema, 17, 205-211.

Potts, N. L. S., Davidson, J. R. T., Krishnan, K. R. R., Doraiswamy, P. M. and Ritchie, J. C. (1991). Levels of urinary free cortisol in social phobia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 52, 41–42.

Roelofs, K., van-Peer, J., Berretty, E., de-Jong, P., Spinhoven, P. and Elzinga, B. M. (2009). Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Adrenal axis hyperresponsiveness is associated with increased social avoidance behavior in social phobia. Biological Psychiatry, 65, 336-343.

Sapolsky, R. (1996). Why stress is bad for your brain. Science, 273, 749-750.

Schneier, F. R., Liebowitz, M. R., Abi-Dargham, A., Zea-Ponce, Y., Lin, S. H. and Laruelle, M. (2000). Low dopamine D(2) receptor binding potential in social phobia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 457-459.

Seisdedos, N. (1988). STAI. Cuestionario de ansiedad estado-rasgo. Madrid: TEA.

Smeets, T., Cornelisse, S., Quaedflieg, C. W., Meyer, T., Jelicic, M. and Merckelbach, H. (2012). Introducing the Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST): a quick and non-invasive approach to elicit robust autonomic and glucocorticoid stress responses. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37, 1998-2008.

Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L. and Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the State/Trait Anxiety Inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press.

Stein, M. B., Torgrud, L. J. and Walker, J. R. (2000). Social phobia symptoms, subtypes, and severity: Findings from a community survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 1046-1053.

Uhde, T. W., Tancer, M. E., Gelernter, C. S. and Vittone, B. J. (1994). Normal urinary free cortisol and postdexamethasone cortisol in social phobia: comparison to normal volunteers. Journal of Affective Disorders, 30, 155-161.

Vera-Villarroel, P. E., García-López, L. J. and Olivares, J. R. (2003). Fobia social: revisión de los instrumentos de evaluación validados para población de lengua española [Social phobia: review of validated assessment instruments for the Spanish-speaking population]. Revista latinoamericana de psicología, 35, 151-160.

Villada, C., Hidalgo, V., Almela, M., Mastorci, F., Sgoifo, A. and Salvador, A. (2014). Coping with an acute psychosocial challenge: behavioural and physiological responses in young women. Plos One, 9, e114640.

Wilhelm, F. H., Kochar, A. S., Roth, W. T. and Gross, J. J. (2001). Social anxiety and response to touch: incongruence between self-evaluative and physiological reactions. Biological Psychology, 58, 181–202.

Yoon, K. L. and Joormann, J. (2012). Stress reactivity in social anxiety disorder with and without comorbid depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 250–255.

Publicado
11-08-2021
Cómo citar
Mirete, M., Molina, S., Villada, C., Hidalgo, V., & Salvadoir, A. (2021). Ansiedad social subclínica en adultos jóvenes sanos: cortisol y ansiedad subjetiva en respuesta a estrés agudo. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 37(3), 432–439. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.483411
Número
Sección
Cerebro y conducta: un enfoque neurocientífico/psicofisiológico

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a

Publication Facts

Metric
This article
Other articles
Peer reviewers 
2,4 promedio

Reviewer profiles  N/D

Author statements

Author statements
This article
Other articles
Data availability 
N/A
16%
External funding 
N/D
32% con financiadores
Competing interests 
N/D
11%
Metric
Para esta revista
Other journals
Articles accepted 
Artículos aceptados: 52%
33% aceptado
Days to publication 
58
145

Indexado: {$indexList}

Editor & editorial board
profiles
Academic society 
N/D
Editora: 
Editum - Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (España)