Acoso y Ciberacoso

Impacto diferencial en la salud mental y el desarrollo identitario de personas LGBA

Autores/as

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/rie.546011
Palabras clave: bullying, cyberbullying, salud, identidad sexual, personas LGBTQ

Agencias de apoyo

  • Gobierno Vasco (PRE_2019_1_0120)
  • Universidad del País Vasco (GIU 21/056)

Resumen

El acoso (AT) y el ciberacoso (CA) LGTBAfóbico constituyen una problemática internacionalmente reconocida en las escuelas, aunque poca atención se ha prestado a las experiencias y resultados de colectivos minoritarios como las personas asexuales. Este estudio tiene como objetivo estudiar la prevalencia del AT y el CA y su impacto diferencial en lesbianas, gais, bisexuales y asexuales. Incluso, analizar las diferencias en función del momento temporal en el que ocurre: pasado o presente. La muestra está compuesta por 1215 personas LGBA (48% acosadas y/o ciberacosadas) residentes en España (edad 17-69, M= 28.22). Se utilizó una encuesta auto-informativa para medir el acoso y/o el ciberacoso, la salud y el bienestar (ansiedad, depresión, satisfacción vital y autoestima) y el desarrollo identitario (incertidumbre y aceptación). Los resultados confirman la presencia del acoso tradicional (27%), el ciberacoso (8%) o su aparición conjunta (13%) entre la población LGBA y su significativa relación con problemas de salud y desarrollo identitario. Se han encontrado más casos entre gais y asexuales, aunque son las identidades bisexuales y asexuales las que significativamente tienen mayor ansiedad y depresión, incluso, dificultades de satisfacción, autoestima y aceptación identitaria. Se constata, además, que son más fuertes los efectos inmediatos de la LGTBfobia, pero que la misma puede dejar secuelas a largo plazo. Estos hallazgos permiten confirmar que las estrategias de intervención han de contemplar la coexistencia del acoso tradicional y el ciberacoso, así como incluir todo el espectro de identidades que abarca el paraguas LGTBIQA+ en los programas que tratan de promover el respeto a la diversidad sexual.

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Publicado
07-01-2025
Cómo citar
Cepa-Rodríguez, E., & Martxueta Pérez, A. (2025). Acoso y Ciberacoso: Impacto diferencial en la salud mental y el desarrollo identitario de personas LGBA. Revista de Investigación Educativa, (43). https://doi.org/10.6018/rie.546011
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