DCU-APROC: Una metodología para desarrollar e implementar un programa de formación profesional
Resumo
El objetivo de los programas de formación en salud es facilitar el desarrollo de conocimientos, técnicas, habilidades, actitudes y/o experiencia que el personal profesional necesita para desempeñar con éxito su labor profesional. Incluyen actividades específicas de sus profesiones y también aquellas actividades transversales comunes con las que contribuyen a ofrecer el mejor servicio sanitario posible. Una característica clave de este ‘desarrollo’ es que requiere tiempo y, por lo tanto, para facilitarlo se necesita un enfoque que tenga en cuenta este factor longitudinal. Además, el sistema sanitario es un entorno complejo y dinámico, diseñado fundamentalmente para el cuidado clínico de los pacientes, en el que el personal profesional tiene que estar preparado para demostrar un alto rendimiento en una variedad amplia de situaciones. Este artículo realiza una revisión sobre la literatura más importante que versa sobre los enfoques longitudinales en la formación profesional y los diseños metodológicos que permiten llegar a conclusiones científicamente rigurosas sobre este objeto de estudio. El resultado de esta revisión es una metodología que integra los principios más importantes del denominado diseño de caso único (DCU) y el marco de las actividades profesionales confiables (APROCs) el cual nos ayuda a definir las actividades profesionales y a diseñar las intervenciones de formación con las que preparar a los profesionales para estas actividades. En este artículo, se propone llamar esta metodología DCU-APROC, uniendo los nombres del diseño y del marco en el que están integrados. A través de ejemplos, en este artículo se muestra cómo DCU-APROC puede ser utilizado para actividades específicas de una profesión y actividades transversales comunes, y tanto para combinaciones de actividades como para una sola actividad.
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