Aplicaciones de la heutagogía en el uso educativo de e-portfolios
Resumen
Preparar a los estudiantes para la compleja y cambiante naturaleza del mercado de trabajo se ha convertido en un objetivo primordial en el contexto de la educación superior. Para alcanzar este objetivo, es crucial partir de nuevas pedagogías, que incorporan tanto el aprendizaje formal como el informal y que apoyan la personalización del aprendizaje. Se requiere que los educadores revalúen el uso de pedagogías tradicionales, a medida que intentan fomentar el desarrollo de habilidades y competencias para el aprendizaje permanente. La heutagogía, o el aprendizaje autodeterminado, es una teoría del aprendizaje que aporta a los estudiantes la gestión del aprendizaje para determinar qué y cómo aprenden. La teoría está basada en los principios de la gestión del aprendizaje, la capacidad y la autoeficacia, la reflexión y la metacognición, y el aprendizaje no lineal, y puede ser un enfoque de enseñanza poderoso cuando se emplea utilizando tecnología para el desarrollo de las habilidades de autodirección y aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida de los estudiantes. Un ejemplo persuasivo es el e-portfolio. En tanto que plataforma y herramienta de evaluación, el e-portfolio abarca el especto de aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida, así como aúna el aprendizaje formal e informal del aprendiz individual, aborda los aspectos críticos del aprendizaje y la reflexión y la demostración de las habilidades y competencias adquiridas por el alumno. Partiendo de casos exitosos en la literatura, este artículo discute los principios de la heutagogía, la pedagogía-andragogía-heutagogía (continuo de la PAH) y su aplicación en entornos online, y el uso del e-portfolio para seguir cultivando y desarrollando el aprendizaje autodeterminado. El artículo también ofrece recomendaciones para la práctica y teoría futuras.
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