Revisiting the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory’s Adolescent and Brief Versions: Problems, solutions, and considerations
Abstract
The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) has been widely used in applied research and sometimes modified versions have been proposed. The current research aimed to test the factor validity and reliability of the ASI for adolescents (ASI-A) and Brief ASI (B-ASI) versions in the adolescent population. Two analogue samples of Mexican secondary students (Study 1: n1 = 975; Study 2: n2 = 1020) composed the sample. The ASI-A showed that the two-dimension model omitting items 1 to 4 is the most recommendable model and it presents an acceptable fitting to the data (Study 1). The B-ASI bidimensional model showed an appropriate fitting to the data and no modifications were required (Study 2). The ASI-A is a valid measure of ambivalent sexism when some of its items are omitted, but the demonstrated validity of the original items in the adolescent population supports that there was no theoretical or empirical reason for developing a specific version for adolescents of the ASI.
Downloads
References
American Psychological Association, American Educational Research Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education (2014). Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. American Psychological Association
Bendixen, M., & Kennair, L. E. O. (2017). When less is more: Psychometric properties of Norwegian short-forms of the Ambivalent Sexism Scales (ASI and AMI) and the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance (IRMA) Scale. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 58, 541 – 550. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12392
Bonilla-Algovia, E., & Rivas-Rivero, E. (2020). Validez de la versión reducida de la escala de sexismo ambivalente en El Salvador y México [Validity of th reduced versión of the ambivalent sexism invetory in El Salvador and Mexico]. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 37(2), 92-103.
Connor, R. A., Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (2016). Ambivalent sexism in the 21st century. In C. Sibley & F. Barlow (Eds.), Cambridge Handbook of the Psychology of Prejudice (Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology, pp. 295 – 320). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316161579.013
de Lemus, S., Castillo, M., Moya, M., Padilla, J. L., & Ryan, E. (2008). Elaboración y validación del Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente para adolescentes [Creation and validation of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory for adolescents]. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 8, 537-562. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/337/33712001013.pdf
Glick, P. (2005). Ambivalent sexism, power distance, and gender inequality across cultures. In S. Guimond (Ed.), Social Comparison and Social Psychology: Understanding Cognition, Intergroup Relations, and Culture (pp. 283 – 302). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511584329.015
Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491 – 512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.491
Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1997). Hostile and benevolent sexism: Measuring ambivalent sexist attitudes toward women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(1), 119 – 135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00104.x
Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (2001a). An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality. American Psychologist, 56(2), 109 – 118. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.2.109
Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (2001b). Ambivalent sexism. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 115–188). Academic Press.
Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (2011). Ambivalent sexism revisited. Psychology of women quarterly, 35(3), 530 – 535. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0361684311414832
Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Mladinic, A., Saiz, J. L., Abrams, D., Masser, B., Adetoun, B., Osagie, J. E., Akande, A., Alao, A., Brunner, A., Willemsen, T. M., Chipeta, K., Dardenne, B., Dijksterhuis, A., Wigboldus, D., Eckes, T., Six-Materna, I., Expósito, F., Moya, M., Foddy, M., Kim, H. J., Lameiras, M., Sotelo, M. J., Mucchi-Faina, A., Romani, M., Sakalli, N., Udegbe, B., Yamamoto, M., Ui, M., Ferreira, M. C., & López-López, W. (2000). Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 763 – 775. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.79.5.763
Glick, P., & Whitehead, J. (2010). Hostility toward men and the perceived stability of male dominance. Social Psychology, 41, 177 – 185. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000025
Hammond, M., & Cimpian, A. (2020). “Wonderful but weak”: Children’s ambivalent attitudes toward women. Sex Roles, 84, 76 – 90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-020-01150-0
Holtz, P., Deutschmann, E., & Dobewall, H. (2017). Cross-cultural psychology and the rise of academic capitalism: Linguistic changes in CCR and JCCP articles, 10970-2014. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 48, 1410 – 1431. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117724902
Ibabe, I., Arnoso, A., & Elorriaga, E. (2016). Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Adaptation to Basque population and sexism as a risk factor of dating violence. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 19, 1 – 9. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/sjp.2016.80
Lameiras-Fernández, M., Rodríguez-Castro, Y., & Sotelo-Torrejón, J. (2001). Sexism and racism in a Spanish sample of secondary school students. Social Indicators Research, 54, 309 – 328. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010871706454
Muñiz, J. (2018). Introducción a la psicometría. Pirámide.
Muñiz, J., & Fonseca-Pedrero, E. (2019). Diez pasos para la construcción de un test [Ten steps for test construction]. Psicothema, 31, 7 – 16. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2018.291
Rodríguez-Castro, Y., Lameiras-Fernández, M., & Carrera-Fernández, M. V. (2009). Validación de la versión reducida de las escalas ASI y AMI en una muestra de estudiantes españoles [Validation of scales shortened versión of ASI and AMI in a sample of spanish]. Psicogente, 12, 284 – 295. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3265018
Rollero, C., Glick, P. & Tartaglia, S. (2014). Psychometric properties of short versions of the ambivalent sexism inventory and ambivalence toward men inventory. TPM – Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 21, 149 – 159. https://doi.org/10.4473/TPM21.2.3
Copyright (c) 2023 Servicio de Publicaciones, University of Murcia (Spain)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The works published in this journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publications Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) retains the property rights (copyright) of published works, and encourages and enables the reuse of the same under the license specified in paragraph 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2022
2. The works are published in the online edition of the journal under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-CompartirIgual 4.0 (legal text). You can copy, use, distribute, transmit and publicly display, provided that: i) you cite the author and the original source of publication (journal, editorial and URL of the work), ii) are not used for commercial purposes, iii ) mentions the existence and specifications of this license.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
3. Conditions of self-archiving. Is allowed and encouraged the authors to disseminate electronically pre-print versions (version before being evaluated and sent to the journal) and / or post-print (version reviewed and accepted for publication) of their works before publication, as it encourages its earliest circulation and diffusion and thus a possible increase in its citation and scope between the academic community. RoMEO Color: Green.