Simulador de Realidad Virtual en Cirugía Mínimamente Invasiva Basado en la Ciencia del Diseño y el Marco de Validación de Messick

Fernando Álvarez López; Francesc Saigí Rubió; Marcelo Fabián Maina

doi:10.6018/red.608201

Autores/as

Fernando Álvarez López Universidad de Manizales https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2614-7735
Francesc Saigí Rubió Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, España. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9616-1551
Marcelo Fabián Maina Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, España. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1889-1097

Palabras clave: simulación por computador, procedimientos quirúrgicos mínimamente invasivos, investigación basada en el diseño, educación médica, realidad virtual, estudio de validación

Resumen

La cirugía mínimamente invasiva es el nuevo estándar quirúrgico que requiere desarrollar simuladores portátiles de bajo costo que permitan democratizar el entrenamiento y el aprendizaje ubicuo. El estudio presenta el desarrollo y validación de un simulador para el aprendizaje de destrezas psicomotoras básicas en cirugía de invasión mínima que utilizó la combinación de los enfoques metodológicos de Investigación Basada en el Diseño, centrado en el aprendizaje, y de Investigación en Ciencias del Diseño, focalizado en el desarrollo de artefactos. El estudio se desarrolló en cuatro fases. Para la validación del simulador se utilizó el marco propuesto por Messick. En las sucesivas fases de desarrollo intervinieron expertos en cirugía de invasión mínima, residentes de cirugía y estudiantes de Medicina, quienes realizaron una serie de pruebas del artefacto donde se midió su eficacia para el aprendizaje de las destrezas psicomotoras. Los estudios se basaron en encuestas Likert y en la evaluación de los puntajes de las pruebas efectuadas por una población de novatos (grupo referente) y un grupo de expertos. Si bien se obtuvo evidencia para la validez de contenido, no se obtuvo evidencia para la relación con otras variables. La consistencia interna mostró evidencia de buena calidad y se obtuvo evidencia contundente para el logro de curva de aprendizaje entre los novatos. El enfoque adoptado demostró ser eficaz en el desarrollo de simuladores accesibles y eficaces para el desarrollo de destrezas psicomotoras en cirugía de invasión mínima.

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