Factores determinantes que permiten establecer tipologías de profesorado en el contexto de la innovación tecnológica educativa.
Resumen
La figura del docente tiene un papel fundamental en la integración de las Tecnologías digitales (TD) en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje, desde esta perspectiva se ha realizado muchos estudios con el objetivo de definir el perfil docente y sus variables que influyen en la aplicación de las TD, los cuales llegan a concluir con el agrupamiento de los distintos perfiles sin una definición clara. Este estudio tiene como objetivo diseñar un modelo teórico explicativo que aúne todos las variables y factores que pueden intervenir en la integración de las TD en el ámbito educativo por parte del docente, centrándose en las necesidades, tipos y características del profesorado. A partir del análisis de la literatura se han identificado diferentes variables de integración que han ayudado a configurar un modelo de los perfiles del profesorado desde la perspectiva de la práctica docente, así como las etapas de adopción analizando paradigmas contextuales de modelos y metodologías. La revisión concluye que las variables determinantes para la apropiación de las TD desde el contexto del profesorado son la Actitud y la Autoeficacia, a las que se suman los factores que permiten establecer los perfiles del profesorado que son: Utilidad de uso, Propiedad, acceso a las TD, Formación docente, Facilidad de uso, Importancia, presión social e Interés ante las TD. Estas variables y factores permiten realizar una aproximación teórica y explicativa de los cinco perfiles de profesorado con respecto a la adopción, uso e integración de las TD en el proceso educativo, las cuales hemos etiquetado como: “resistente”, “confuso” “adoptante”, “persuadido” e “innovador”.
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