La vuelta al colegio tras la pandemia: Adaptación de los niños y adolescentes españoles.

Autores/as

  • Mireia Orgilés Miguel Hernández University, Department of Health Psychology, Avda. de la Universidads/n, Elche (Alicante) 03202, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1064-9199
  • Marina Serrano-Ortiz Miguel Hernández University, Department of Health Psychology, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, Elche (Alicante) 03202, Spain
  • Jose Pedro Espada Miguel Hernández University, Department of Health Psychology, Avda. de la Universidads/n, Elche (Alicante) 03202, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5248-6258
  • Alexandra Morales Miguel Hernández University, Department of Health Psychology, Avda. de la Universidads/n, Elche (Alicante) 03202, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-3166
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.530471
Palabras clave: Niños y adolescentes, COVID-19, Cierre de centros educativos, Ansiedad, Eventos estresantes

Resumen

Para frenar la propagación del COVID-19, el gobierno español aplicó medidas restrictivas, como el cierre escolar. Aunque los efectos de la pandemia en el bienestar emocional de los niños han sido estudiados, faltan estudios que examinen la adaptación escolar tras la pandemia y el papel que la infección ha tenido en el proceso de adaptación. El objetivo es analizar la relación entre los eventos estresantes relacionados con la escuela y la adaptación escolar después del confinamiento, incluyendo la ansiedad como mediadora. Los participantes fueron 219 padres de niños y adolescentes españoles de entre 3 y 18 años que completaron encuestas sobre la ansiedad de sus hijos (Spanish Brief Child Version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale), los eventos estresantes vividos relacionados con la escuela (Stressful Eventos relacionados con el Inventario de Pandemia), y la adaptación escolar (Escala de Ajuste de los Niños después del Cierre Escolar de la Pandemia). Los resultados mostraron mayor prevalencia en el evento estresante distancia social (87%). Tener COVID-19 y sufrir acoso escolar se relacionó directamente con una mayor ansiedad. Los niños que disminuyeron el contacto social y sufrieron acoso escolar mostraron peor adaptación escolar, siendo la ansiedad un mediador indirecto. Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de supervisar la adaptación escolar y promover estrategias para prevenir problemas emocionales en jóvenes expuestos a situaciones estresantes.

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Publicado
01-01-2024
Cómo citar
Orgilés, M., Serrano-Ortiz, M., Espada, J. P., & Morales, A. (2024). La vuelta al colegio tras la pandemia: Adaptación de los niños y adolescentes españoles. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 40(1), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.530471
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Psicología evolutiva y de la educación

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