Creatividad como “vacuna” para el estado de ánimo depresivo: afrontamiento y pensamiento divergente en jóvenes adultos
Resumen
El estado de ánimo deprimido es cada vez más frecuente en nuestra sociedad. Es urgente no solo explorar cómo tratar este problema sino, sobre todo, cómo prevenirlo. El pensamiento divergente puede ser útil para esa prevención. La relación entre el pensamiento divergente y el estado de ánimo depresivo en adultos jóvenes podría estar mediada por las estrategias de afrontamiento. Dos podrían ser las formas más factibles de conexión: un afrontamiento activo centrado en el problema (como la resolución de problemas o estrategias de reevaluación positivas) y la erradicación de un afrontamiento centrado en las emociones (como las estrategias de afrontamiento negativas centradas en uno mismo). El objetivo de este estudio es probar un modelo teórico que establece una relación indirecta del pensamiento divergente sobre el estado de ánimo depresivo. Los participantes fueron 135 sujetos con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 25 años. El análisis estadístico incluyó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los índices de ajuste para este modelo fueron: CFI = .951, GFI = .960, RMSEA = .067. El modelo inicial condujo a uno final avalado por su bondad del ajuste. Este modelo confirma una relación positiva entre pensamiento divergente y reevaluación positiva y un vínculo negativo entre este tipo de pensamiento y la autofocalización negativa. Ambas estrategias de afrontamiento están relacionadas con el estado de ánimo deprimido. El pensamiento divergente puede facilitar una reevaluación positiva que ayude a ampliar el repertorio de opciones en los jóvenes. También puede reducir la probabilidad de centrarse en la expresión emocional inmediata y descontrolada, los sentimientos de impotencia y resignación. De una forma u otra, el pensamiento divergente puede promover estrategias de afrontamiento que pueden servir como profilaxis para la desesperanza en adultos jóvenes que generalmente está relacionada con el estado de ánimo depresivo.
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