Factores psicosociales de riesgo y burnout en policías: un análisis de redes
Resumen
El estrés laboral crónico ha sido identificado como uno de los riesgos laborales más importantes que afecta a la salud mental de los agentes de policía. Existen ciertos factores psicosociales que incrementan el estrés laboral en la policía y que, a largo plazo, desencadenan síntomas compatibles con el burnout. En este trabajo se ha utilizado una muestra integrada por 323 policías para valorar la relación que se establece entre los factores psicosociales de riesgo y la probabilidad de experimentar síntomas compatibles con el burnout. Las respuestas de los participantes al MBI-GS y al F-PSICO (versión 4.0) fueron examinadas utilizando análisis de redes. Los resultados muestran que existen redes de factores psicosociales de riesgo más cohesionadas cuando los niveles de cinismo y agotamiento emocional son más elevados. Además, se observa mayor nivel de burnout asociados con una baja autonomía, altas demandas psicológicas, conflictos en el desempeño de rol y un bajo apoyo social percibido. Los resultados son discutidos en términos de su implicación teórica y de su utilidad práctica frente al diseño de entornos de trabajo más saludables, así como frente a la intervención psicológica.
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