Household Social Composition and Academic Performance in Primary School

Univariate and Multivariate Effects of Family Occupation and Education in Europe

Autores/as

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/rie.614921
Palabras clave: desigualdad de oportunidades educativas, estatus socioeconómico, estructura familiar, logro educativo

Agencias de apoyo

  • Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades

Resumen

Los estudios que relacionan la desigualdad de resultados educativos con la desigualdad social recurren habitualmente a la ocupación y los estudios de los progenitores, tomando el valor más alto de cada variable. Este procedimiento invisibiliza el efecto conjunto del hogar, limitando el intervalo de variabilidad del rendimiento. Nuestro objetivo es analizar el efecto agregado de la composición social del hogar en los resultados educativos. Estudiaremos el efecto combinado del nivel ocupacional y educativo de ambos padres en el rendimiento y evaluaremos la mejora en la varianza explicada frente a la sola consideración del nivel ocupacional u educativo más alto de uno de ellos. Utilizamos datos de TIMSS-2019 (matemáticas) y PIRLS-2021 (lengua) de dos muestras de 57.735 y 69.849 estudiantes de 4º de Primaria en 12 países europeos. Estimamos Modelos ANOVA de una y dos vías para identificar los efectos de la condición ocupacional y educativa del hogar y su interacción sobre el rendimiento académico. Los resultados muestran que la variación significativa del rendimiento del alumnado es mayor cuando se considera a ambos progenitores frente a uno, tanto con estudios como con ocupaciones, así como cuando se incluyen ambas variables en el Modelo.  El efecto agregado del hogar muestra la mayor desigualdad de rendimiento del alumno/a, entre los hogares más desfavorecidos, con menos recursos culturales (asociados a estudios) y materiales (ocupación y renta), y los más favorecidos. Sostenemos que el hogar representa con mayor precisión los efectos de la desigualdad de oportunidades educativas del alumnado con menores recursos socioeconómicos y culturales.

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Publicado
07-01-2025
Cómo citar
Bianchi, D., Cabrera, L., & Sicilia, G. (2025). Household Social Composition and Academic Performance in Primary School: Univariate and Multivariate Effects of Family Occupation and Education in Europe. Revista de Investigación Educativa, (43). https://doi.org/10.6018/rie.614921
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