Professional competencies for quality and effective attention to children exposed to gender-based violence
Abstract
This research aims to identify professional competencies which are key in multidisciplinary teams that attend to children exposed to gender-based violence. Specifically, 48 professionals from different training and work profiles such as psychology, education and social work participated in this study. The individual experiences and job functions in each profile are considered to identify professional competencies. We follow a feminist phenomenological method, collecting data through interviews and schemes that are analyzed adopting a thematic and fundamental theory approach with the support of specialized software. The results show three types of competencies associated with different experiential areas. The basic skills are knowledge about traumatic processes, care services and their different functions and emotional education; technical competencies such as the ability to manage the minor's feeling of guilt, the ability to coordinate with other professionals, self-care, and self-awareness; and transversal skills like empathy, active listening and assertiveness. The relevance of the contributions for the design of study plans and the implications for specialized and transdisciplinary training are discussed.
Downloads
References
Bender, A.E., McKinney, S.J., Schmidt-Sane, M.M., Cage, J., Holmes, M.R., Berg, K.A., Salley, J., Bodell, M., Miller, E.K. y Voith, L.A. (2021). Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence and effects on social-emotional competence: A systematic review. Journal of Family Violence, 37, 1263–1281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-021-00315-z
Berger, E., Bearsley A. y Lever M. (2021) Qualitative Evaluation of Teacher Trauma Knowledge and Response in Schools, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment y Trauma, 30(8), 1041-1057. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2020.1806976
Blodgett, C. y Lanigan, J.D. (2018). The association between adverse childhood experience (ACE) and school success in elementary school children. School Psychology Quarterly, 33(1), 137–146. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000256
Braun, V., Clarke, V., Boulton, E., Davey, L. y McEvoy, C. (2021). The online survey as a qualitative research tool. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 24(6), 641-654. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2020.1805550
Calvo, G. y Camacho, R. (2014). La violencia de género: evolución, impacto y claves para su abordaje. Enfermería global, 13(1), 424-439. https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.13.1.181941
Caravaca, C. y Sáez, M.A. (2020). Las otras víctimas: consecuencias y reconocimiento legal de los menores de edad víctimas de la violencia de género ejercida en el hogar. Boletín Criminológico, 191, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.24310/Boletin-criminologico.2020.v26i2020.9889
Carnevale, S., Di Napoli, I., Esposito, C., Arcidiacono, C. y Procentese, F. (2020). Children who witness domestic violence in the voice of health and social professionals who face contrasting gender violence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4463. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124463
Charmaz, K. y Thornberg, R. (2021). La búsqueda de la calidad en la teoría fundamentada. Investigación cualitativa en psicología, 18(3), 305-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2020.1780357
Cook, J.M, Newman, E. y Simiola, V. (2019). Training in trauma: competencies, initiatives and resources. Psychotherapy, 56(3), 409–421. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000233
Creswell, J.W., y Poth, C.N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications.
Etherington, N. y Baker, L. (2018). De la 'palabra de moda' a la mejor práctica: aplicación de la interseccionalidad a los niños expuestos a la violencia de pareja íntima. Trauma Violencia Abuso 19, 58–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016631128
Fariña F., Martínez, D. S., Figueiredo, J. V., Pérez, M. N. y Fernández, R.A. (2021). Consenso de expertos sobre las medidas de protección a hijos e hijas víctimas de violencia de género. Bordón: Revista de Pedagogía, 73(2), 63-78. https://doi.org/10.13042/Bordon.2021.83148
Fernández, P. y Pérez, A. (2018). Menores expuestos a situaciones de violencia de género: la prevención como factor clave. Trabajo Social Hoy, 85, 101-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12960/TSH.2018.0018
Hambrick, E.P., Brawner, T.W., Perry, B. D., Brandt, K., Hofmeister, C. y Collins, J. O. (2019). Beyond the ACE score: Examining relationships between timing of developmental adversity, relational health and developmental outcomes in children. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 33(3), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2018.11.001
Harper, B., Ogbonnaya, I.N. y McCullough, K.C. (2018). El efecto de la violencia de pareja íntima en el desarrollo psicosocial de los niños pequeños. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, 2512–2536. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516628
Henning, J.A., Brand, B. y Courtois, C.A. (2021). Graduate Training and Certification in Trauma Treatment for Clinical Practitioners. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 16(4), 362–375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tep0000326
Hermoso-Soto, A.E., y Jiménez-Cortés, R. (2021). Materias específicas de género en titulaciones de educación, psicología y trabajo social de Andalucía. En M.A. Rebollo y A. Arias (Coords.). Hacia una docencia sensible al género en la educación superior (pp. 141-163). Dykinson.
Holmes, M.R, Berg, K.A, Bender, A.E, Evans, K.E., O´Donell, K. y Miller, E. (2022). 50 Years of Childhood Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence Empirical Research: Mapping the Evidence, Overarching Themes, and Future Directions. Journal of Family Violence, 37, 1207–1219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-021-00349-3
Jiménez-Cortés, R. (2021). Diseño y desafíos metodológicos de la investigación feminista en ciencias sociales. Empiria. Revista de Metodología de Ciencias Sociales, (50), 177–200. https://doi.org/10.5944/empiria.50.2021.30376
Lee, H., Russell, K.N., O’Donnell, K.A., Miller, E.K., Bender, A.E., Scaggs, A.L., Harris, L. A., II., Holmes, M. R. y Berg, K. A. (2021). The effect of childhood intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure on bullying: A systematic review. Journal of Family Violence, 37, 1283–1300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-021-00299-w
Lloyd, M. (2018). Domestic violence and education: examining the impact of domestic violence on young children, children and youth and the potential role of schools. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2094. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02094
Macy, R.J., Giattina, M., Sangster, T.H., Crosby, C. y Montijo, N.J. (2009). Domestic violence and sexual assault services: Inside the black box. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14(5), 359-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2009.06.002
Magalhães, M. J., Coimbra, S., y Gonçalves, E. (2021). Supporting victims of gender-based violence with cognitive diversity: gaps in traditional curriculum. Revista de Estudos Curriculares, 12 (2) 40-57.
Martín, M. (2022). Buenas prácticas en trabajo social en casos de Infancia y Adolescencia expuestos a Violencia de Género. [Trabajo fin de grado, Universidad Ramon Llul]. http://hdl.handle.net/2072/522587
Münger, A.C. y Markström, A.M. (2019). Views of school and child protection services professionals on the mission and responsibilities of the school for children living with domestic violence: tensions and gaps. Journal of Family Violence, 34(5), 385-398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-019-00035-5
Neuendorf, K. A. (2018). Content analysis and thematic analysis. En Brough, P. (Ed.), Advanced research methods for applied psychology (211-223.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315517971
Oksala, J. (2023). The method of critical phenomenology: Simone de Beauvoir as a phenomenologist. European Journal of Philosophy, 31(1), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12782
Riquelme, V., Cánovas, P., Orellana, N. y Sáez, B. (2019). Víctimas invisibles: análisis de la intervención socioeducativa de niñas y niños expuestos a violencia de género en la familia. Pedagogía Social. Revista Interuniversitaria, 34, 113-127. https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2019.34.08
Rosser, A. y Suriá, R. (2019). Adaptación escolar y problemas comportamentales y emocionales en menores expuestos a violencia de género. Revista Española de Pedagogía, 77 (273), 313-332. https://doi.org/10.22550/REP77-2-2019-04
Simms, E.M. y Stawarska, B. (2013). Introduction: Concepts and Methods in Interdisciplinary Feminist Phenomenology, Janus Head, 13(1), 6-16. https://doi.org/10.5840/jh20141311
Smith, B. y McGannon, K.R. (2018). Developing rigor in qualitative research: Problems and opportunities within sport and exercise psychology. International review of sport and exercise psychology, 11(1), 101-121. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2017.1317357
Stover, C.S. y Lent, K. (2014). Training and certification for domestic violence service providers: The need for a national standard curriculum and training approach. Psychology of Violence, 4(2), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036022
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Educational Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The articles and scientific documents published in RIE abide the following conditions:
1. The Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (the publisher) has the property rights (copyright) of all the documents published and allows the reuse under the user’s license indicated in point 2.
2. All documents are published in the digital edition of RIE under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España (legal document) license. These documents can be copied, used, distributed, communicated and explained publicly if: i) the author(s) and its original source of publishing (magazine, publisher and URL of the document) are cited; ii) it is not used for commercial purpose; iii) the existence and the specifications about this license are mentioned.
3. Auto-archive’s conditions. The authors are allowed and encouraged to digitally distribute the pre-print versions (a version before evaluation) and/or post-print (a version that it is already evaluated and accepted to its publication). This promotes circulation and distribution earlier and can increase the citations and significance within the academic community.