Habilidades del siglo XXI y entornos de aprendizaje STEAM: una revisión
Resumen
El desarrollo de las habilidades del siglo XXI se menciona actualmente como uno de los objetivos clave que deben alcanzar los sistemas educativos en todo el mundo, para que los ciudadanos en su conjunto puedan adaptarse adecuadamente al mercado laboral y en general, a la sociedad del futuro. El propósito de esta revisión es, dado el explosivo y creciente interés en este tema, identificar las diversas definiciones de las llamadas habilidades del siglo XXI para luego reconocer las relaciones que se puedan encontrar entre estas habilidades y los entornos de aprendizaje STEAM, los cuales recientemente han sido propuestos como escenarios capaces de desarrollarlas. El estudio se desarrolló como una revisión sistemática de literatura a partir de procesos de abstracting y lectura en profundidad de 153 artículos científicos publicados en revistas indexadas en Scopus y Scielo. Los resultados del estudio sugieren que, para conducir el desarrollo de las habilidades del siglo XXI, conviene tener en cuenta al momento de diseñar entornos de aprendizaje STEAM, asuntos como el cambio en la evaluación hacia una experiencia más formativa, la inclusión de ambientes colaborativos y sociales, la aplicación de estrategias de aprendizaje basadas en la investigación y la gamificación y el juego, entre otras.
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