Impacto de la impresión 3D en el aprendizaje de estudiantes de medicina: una revisión sistemática.
Resumo
El uso de la impresión 3D se ha difundido en diversas áreas, incluyendo la enseñanza de la medicina, desde su apoyo para el estudio de anatomía humana hasta en el entrenamientos de técnicas quirúrgicas dado los beneficios del aprendizaje por “Hands-On-Learning”. El objetivo de la presente investigación es esclarecer el impacto de la impresión 3D sobre el aprendizaje de estudiantes de medicina, así como determinar en qué áreas de su currículum ha sido implementada. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura disponible. Las bases de datos usadas fueron PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, Web of Science y SCOPUS, usando los siguientes 4 conceptos: “3D Printing” AND “Medical Education” AND “Outcome of Education” AND “Higher Education”. Se consideraron publicaciones en inglés y español. Se identificaron 3.326 estudios hasta Octubre 2023 (705 duplicados). Mediante el protocolo PRISMA 2020 y el software COVIDENCE, cuatro autores revisaron los resultados y seleccionaron aquellos acordes a criterios de inclusión y exclusión. 2561 estudios fueron excluidos, identificándose 60 estudios para lectura de texto completo. De estos, 34 cumplieron criterios de inclusión propuestos, siendo finalmente revisados y sintetizados por los autores. Entre los hallazgos, se destaca una tendencia a investigar el rol educativo de la impresión 3D en áreas de anatomía, diversas patologías, radiología y simulación. Al comparar la impresión 3D con modelos 2D se evidenció mejores puntuaciones post-intervención del grupo 3D. En cuanto a modelos cadavéricos, nuevamente la impresión 3D muestra mejores resultados en aprendizaje anatómico, aunque también hubo estudios que no evidenciaron diferencias significativas, sin embargo, ninguno reportó inferioridad de la impresión 3D como herramienta didáctica. Por último, se encontró un número limitado de estudios sobre su impacto en el aprendizaje a largo plazo. La Impresión 3D evidencia tener un impacto positivo en el aprendizaje en diversas áreas de la formación médica.
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