Impacto de la impresión 3D en el aprendizaje de estudiantes de medicina: una revisión sistemática.
Abstract
The use of 3D printing has spread throughout a multitude of fields, including medical education, being used from human anatomy teaching to surgical technique training due to the benefits of “Hands-on learning.” The objective of this study was to clarify the impact of 3D printing on medical student education, as well as to determine in which areas of their curriculum it has been implemented. For this purpose, we conducted a systematic review of the literature. We used the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, using the following four concepts: “3D Printing” AND “Medical Education” AND “Outcome of Education” AND “Higher Education.” Publications in English and Spanish were considered. A total of 3,326 studies were identified up to October 2023 (705 duplicates). Using the PRISMA 2020 protocol and the software COVIDENCE, four authors reviewed the results and selected those meeting the proposed inclusion and exclusion criteria. 2561 studies were excluded, identifying 60 studies for full-text reading. Of these, 34 met the inclusion criteria, which were finally reviewed and synthesized by the authors. Our results show a tendency to study the educational role of 3D Printing in the areas of anatomy, various pathologies, radiology, and simulation. When comparing 3D printing with 2D models, there was evidence of better post-intervention scores within 3D groups. As for cadaveric models, 3D printing showed better results in anatomy teaching. However, some studies did not show significant differences; however, none reported inferiority of 3D printing as a teaching tool. Finally, a limited number of studies have been conducted on its impact on long-term learning. Overall, there is evidence that the introduction of 3D printing in various areas of medical education has a positive impact on learning.
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