Evaluación de intervenciones para mitigar el estrés académico en estudiantes de medicina: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/edumed.633961
Palabras clave: Estudiantes de Medicina, Estrés académico, intervenciones, Salud Mental, Bienestar, Manejo del Estrés

Resumen

Antecedentes: La formación médica, caracterizada por altas demandas académicas y emocionales, expone a los estudiantes a niveles significativos de estrés. Este estrés puede comprometer su salud mental, manifestándose en síntomas como ansiedad, depresión y burnout, e impactando negativamente en su rendimiento académico. A largo plazo, estas consecuencias pueden afectar la calidad de la atención médica que brindarán en el futuro. Esta revisión analiza intervenciones llevadas a cabo para mitigar los efectos del estrés académico en esta población durante los últimos 5 años. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda siguiendo las directrices PRISMA en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus. Los términos clave incluyeron "Estudiantes de medicina", "estrés académico" e "Intervenciones". Se seleccionaron seis estudios que reportaron intervenciones presenciales y virtuales en esta población y se clasificaron según tres categorías: mindfulness y meditación, yoga y prácticas físicas, y entrenamiento psicológico e inteligencia emocional. Resultados: Cinco estudios evaluaron tres tipos principales de intervenciones: yoga y meditación, intervenciones nutricionales y programas de manejo del estrés. Todas las intervenciones mostraron reducciones significativas en el estrés y mejoras en el bienestar, inteligencia emocional y flexibilidad psicológica. El yoga y la meditación mejoraron los niveles de estrés percibido y los marcadores fisiológicos del estrés. Las intervenciones nutricionales con alimentos fermentados, como Lactobacillus casei, ayudaron a reducir los síntomas gastrointestinales relacionados con el estrés. Los programas de manejo del estrés centrados en estrategias de afrontamiento basadas en problemas aumentaron la autoeficacia y redujeron el malestar psicológico. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos de esta investigación subrayan la necesidad crítica de realizar estudios adicionales sobre intervenciones efectivas para mitigar el estrés académico en estudiantes de medicina en esta línea, mejorando su bienestar y capacidad para brindar atención de calidad en el futuro.

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Publicado
13-01-2025
Cómo citar
Lavados Toro, N. A., Lillo Miranda, B., Inzunza Carrasco, S., & Jerez Yañez, O. M. (2025). Evaluación de intervenciones para mitigar el estrés académico en estudiantes de medicina: una revisión sistemática. Revista Española de Educación Médica, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.6018/edumed.633961

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