Anatomical models and simulated instances for the learning of surgical skills in undergraduate and postgraduate medical students. A systematic review.
Abstract
(1) Background: Contemporary medical education has highlighted the role of simulation-based learning as an essential component in the development of clinical-surgical competencies in medical students. Nationally, many universities have incorporated this method into their educational programs, making it crucial to investigate how to optimize its implementation in the surgery curriculum. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the main findings reported in the literature on the use of anatomical models and simulated scenarios for teaching surgical skills to undergraduate and graduate medical students; (2) Methods: A review was conducted following the guidelines of the PRISMA-ScR protocol, using the Scopus and PubMed databases, resulting in a total of 10 studies for final review; (3) Results: The implementation of simulation in medical education, in its various forms, enhances students’ performance in clinical-surgical skills and theoretical learning, while also increasing student satisfaction with the learning process; (4) Discussion: The results of this review confirm the relevance of simulation as a teaching tool in surgical training. Its integration into curricula has shown improvements in technical skills, academic performance, and confidence in decision-making. These findings suggest that its incorporation into surgery curricula would facilitate student learning; (5) Conclusions: The need to prioritize the integration of simulation technologies and anatomical models in surgical training programs is highlighted, as this improves the quality of clinical training and prepares students to reduce medical errors and promote safe, high-quality patient care.
Downloads
References
Rojas, J. A. C., Cervantes, B. G., & Ruiz, J. A. C. Utilización de simuladores en la educación quirúrgica. Cirujano General, 2013, 35(S1), 62-65. https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/cirgen/cg-2013/cgs131x.pdf
Tapia-Jurado, J. El laboratorio de cirugía en el pregrado de medicina. Cirugía y Cirujanos, 2011, 79(1), 83-91. https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=28248
Granados, J., Valderrama, A., Mendoza, G., Manzanilla R., Tapia, J., Méndez, C., & Peralta M. Evaluación de competencias básicas en cirugía de mínima invasión en alumnos de pregrado de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM. Revista Mexicana de Cirugía Endoscópica, 2015, 15(1-4), 24-29. https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=62145
Nara, N., Beppu, M., Tohda, S., & Suzuki, T. The introduction and effectiveness of simulation-based learning in medical education. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2009, 48(17), 1515–1519. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.48.2373
Universidad Católica del Maule. Medicina: La simulación quirúrgica es una moderna herramienta en la formación de los médicos especialistas. https://portal.ucm.cl/noticias/medicina-la-simulacion-quirurgica-una-moderna-herramienta-la-formacion-los-medicos-especialistas
Datta, R., Upadhyay, K. K., & Jaideep, C. N. Simulation and its role in medical education. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 2012, 68(2), 167-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2011.06.004
Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O'Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M. D. J., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., Hempel, S., Akl, E. A., Chang, C., McGowan, J., Stewart, L., Hartling, L., Aldcroft, A., Wilson, M. G., Garritty, C., Lewin, S., … Straus, S. E. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Annals of internal medicine, 2018, 169(7), 467–473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850
Sideris, M., Papalois, A., Theodoraki, K., Paparoidamis, G., Staikoglou, N., Tsagkaraki, I., Koletsis, E., Dedeilias, P., Lymperopoulos, N., Imprialos, K., Papagrigoriadis, S., Papalois, V., Zografos, G., & Tsoulfas, G. Introducing In Vivo Dissection Modules for Undergraduate Level Trainees: What Is the Actual Benefit and How Could We Make It More Efficient?. The Indian journal of surgery, 2016, 80(1), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-016-1563-1
Dhaif, F., Paparoidamis, G., Sideris, M., Hanrahan, J., Georgopoulou, E. M., Tsagkaraki, I., Staikoglou, N., Saeed, F., Michail, T., Tzavelas, A., Kenanidis, E., Potoupnis, M., Tsiridis, E., & Papalois, A. The Role of Anxiety in Simulation-Based Dexterity and Overall Performance: Does It Really Matter?. Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research, 2019, 32(2), 164–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941939.2017.1387624
Sideris, M., Hanrahan, J., Tsoulfas, G., Theodoulou, I., Dhaif, F., Papalois, V., Papagrigoriadis, S., Velmahos, G., Turner, P., & Papalois, A. Developing a novel international undergraduate surgical masterclass during a financial crisis: our 4-year experience. Postgraduate medical journal, 2018, 94(1111), 263–269. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2017-135479
Pandya, A., Mistry, D., & Owens, D. Anatomical Models versus Nontactile Distanced Learning in Otolaryngology Teaching. Surgery journal, 2021, 7(3), 259–264. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1733992
Sideris, M., Papalois, A., Theodoraki, K., Dimitropoulos, I., Johnson, E. O., Georgopoulou, E. M., Staikoglou, N., Paparoidamis, G., Pantelidis, P., Tsagkaraki, I., Karamaroudis, S., Potoupnis, M. E., Tsiridis, E., Dedeilias, P., Papagrigoriadis, S., Papalois, V., Zografos, G., Triantafyllou, A., & Tsoulfas, G. Promoting Undergraduate Surgical Education: Current Evidence and Students' Views on ESMSC International Wet Lab Course. Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research, 2016, 30(2), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941939.2016.1220652
Bao, G., Yang, P., Yi, J., Peng, S., Liang, J., Li, Y., Guo, D., Li, H., Ma, K., & Yang, Z. Full-sized realistic 3D printed models of liver and tumour anatomy: a useful tool for the clinical medicine education of beginning trainees. BMC medical education, 2023, 23(1), 574. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04535-3
Haji, F. A., Rojas, D., Childs, R., de Ribaupierre, S., & Dubrowski, A. Measuring cognitive load: performance, mental effort and simulation task complexity. Medical education, 2015, 49(8), 815–827. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12773
Silvero Isidre, A., Friederichs, H., Müther, M., Gallus, M., Stummer, W., & Holling, M. Mixed Reality as a Teaching Tool for Medical Students in Neurosurgery. Medicina, 2023 59(10), 1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101720
Goudie, C., Kinnin, J., Bartellas, M., Gullipalli, R., & Dubrowski, A. The Use of 3D Printed Vasculature for Simulation-based Medical Education Within Interventional Radiology. Cureus, 2019, 11(4), e4381. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.4381
Hyndman, D., & McHugh, D. Simulation-based medical education: 3D printing and the Seldinger Technique. International Medical Education, 2024, 3(3), 180–189. https://doi.org/10.3390/ime3030016
Telich-Tarriba, J., Ramírez-Sosa, L., Pala-fox, D., Ortega-Hernandez, E., & Rendón-Medina, M. Aplicaciones de la impresión 3D en cirugía plástica reconstructiva. Rev. Fac. Med. 2020, 68(4):603-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/revfac-med.v68n4.77862
Astudillo-Araya, A., Montoya-Cáceres, P., & León-Pino, J. Satisfacción con la simulación clínica de alta fidelidad previo y posterior a prácticas clínicas en estudiantes de enfermería. Index de Enfermería, 2023, 32(2), e14358. https://dx.doi.org/10.58807/indexenferm20235797
Sailema, M., Cajamarca, K., Moreta, J., Manzano, D., & Mariño, V. Satisfacción del uso de simulador de alta fidelidad SimMon en estudiantes de enfermería. Revista latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 2023, 4(3), 1448-1463. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=9586370
Rodríguez, A., Martínez, E., Garza, G., & Rivera, A. Satisfacción en simulación clínica en estudiantes de medicina. Educación Médica Superior, 2021 35(3). . http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-21412021000300011&lng=es&tlng=es.
Dávila-Cervantes, A. Simulación en Educación Médica. Investigación en educación médica, 2014, 3(10), 100-105. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2007-50572014000200006&lng=es&tlng=es.
Aggarwal, R., Black, S. A., Hance, J. R., Darzi, A., & Cheshire, N. J. W. Virtual reality simulation training can improve inexperienced surgeons’ endovascular skills. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery: The Official Journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery, 2006, 31(6), 588–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2005.11.009
Copyright (c) 2024 Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The works published in this magazine are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publications Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) preserves the economic rights (copyright) of the published works and favors and allows them to be reused under the use license indicated in point 2.
2. The works are published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivative 4.0 license.
3. Self-archiving conditions. Authors are allowed and encouraged to disseminate electronically the pre-print versions (version before being evaluated and sent to the journal) and / or post-print (version evaluated and accepted for publication) of their works before publication , since it favors its circulation and earlier diffusion and with it a possible increase in its citation and reach among the academic community.
