Impacto de problemas de salud mental y apoyo social en la calidad de sueño: Seguimiento longitudinal antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en universitarios chilenos

Autores/as

  • Zayra Antúnez (1) Instituto de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. (2) Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia (Chile) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-1871
  • Rodrigo C. Vergara (3) Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad de Artes y Educación Física, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile. Centro Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial CENIA, Santiago, Chile. (4) Centro Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial CENIA (Chile). (5) Centro de Investigación en Educación, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación (CIE-UMCE), Santiago (Chile) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-2060
  • Álvaro I. Langer (6) Mind Body Lab, Instituto de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile. Núcleo Milenio para el Mejoramiento de la Salud Mental de Adolescentes y Jóvenes, Imhay, Chile. Instituto Milenio para la investigación en Depresión y Personalidad, MIDAP, Chile. (7) Núcleo Milenio para el Mejoramiento de la Salud Mental de Adolescentes y Jóvenes, Imhay (Chile). (8) Facultad de Psicología y Humanidades, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia (Chile) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2983-5274
  • Jorge Santander (9) Instituto de Neurociencias Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3748-9036
  • Tomas Baader (10) ONG Alianza Chilena contra la Depresión y el Suicidio (ACHID), Valdivia, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3936-4894
  • Catalina Álamo (11) Dirección de Salud Mental de la Universidad de O´Higgins, Rancagua (Chile) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5593-0115
  • Mónica Arce (2) Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-9586
  • Bárbara Delgado (2) Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8954-0916
  • Karen Laurin (2) Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4177-0784
  • Catalina Moncada (2) Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1977-7077
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.517321
Palabras clave: COVID-19, Salud mental, Calidad del sueño, Universitarios, Depresión, Ansiedad

Resumen

Introducción: Antecedentes refieren altos índices de problemas de salud mental en universitarios antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19, con efectos sobre la baja calidad de sueño; sin embargo, el apoyo social percibido actuaría como un factor protector. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la salud mental (ansiedad, depresión y estrés) sobre la calidad de sueño, de forma transversal y longitudinal, antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en universitarios chilenos, verificando si el apoyo social percibido podría moderar esta relación. Material y Métodos: 1.619 universitarios en el año 2019 y 1.862 en el año 2020 respondieron cuestionarios orientados a medir depresión, ansiedad, estrés, calidad del sueño y apoyo social percibido. Con una fracción de la muestra que respondió en ambos años (n = 325) se realizó análisis longitudinal y se contrastaron los puntajes de los instrumentos entre ambos años, mediante una matriz de transición y un modelo de regresión múltiple. Resultados: Se encuentran altas prevalencias de problemas de salud mental, aumentando en el año 2020 la sintomatología moderada y grave. Se agudizan los problemas de sueño y la percepción de bajo apoyo social. Todas las variables de salud mental pueden predecir la calidad del sueño, excepto el apoyo social y longitudinalmente, aumenta la severidad de la baja calidad de sueño y la depresión. No se encuentran moderaciones significativas entre apoyo social percibido y el resto de las variables. Conclusiones: El efecto de la pandemia en la salud mental es complejo, requiriéndose acciones concretas para apoyar psicológicamente a los estudiantes.

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Publicado
27-04-2023
Cómo citar
Antúnez, Z., Vergara, R. C. ., Langer, Álvaro I., Santander, J., Baader, T., Álamo, C., … Moncada, C. . (2023). Impacto de problemas de salud mental y apoyo social en la calidad de sueño: Seguimiento longitudinal antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en universitarios chilenos. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 39(2), 188–196. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.517321
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Psicología y COVID-19

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Days to publication 
393
145

Indexado: {$indexList}

Editor & editorial board
profiles
Academic society 
N/D
Editora: 
Editum - Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (España)

PFL

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