Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Protective Factors of Resilience Scale (PFRS)

Authors

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.406231
Keywords: Resilience questionnaire, Spanish population, Illness, Protective factors, Instrumental study

Abstract

Background/Objective: The purpose of the present study was to adapt the Protective Factors of Resilience Scale (PFRS) to Spanish and to analyze its psychometric properties. Method: The scale was translated and adapted into Spanish, then, two studies were carried out to examine its psychometric properties in two samples (healthy and chronic illness). Questionnaires were sent by email, Facebook, and Whatsapp, and 442 adults completed all the questionnaires. The entire sample included 352 healthy people and 90 with a chronic illness. Results: In both samples, confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the scale’s structure, yielding a Spanish version of PFRS with three factors. The PFRS total and subscales scores showed adequate reliability. Concurrent validity was also confirmed; the PFRS was positively correlated with different measures. Conclusions: Therefore, the Spanish version of this scale is a reliable and valid instrument to assess protective factors (internal and external resources) of resilience both in Spanish general and chronically ill populations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Eva León, Miguel Hernandez University

Behavioural Science and Health Department

Marie-Carmen Neipp, Miguel Hernandez University

Health Psychology Department

Rosa Nuñez, Miguel Hernandez University

Behavioural Science and Health Department

References

Bolton, K. W., Praetorius, R. T., & Smith-Osborne, A. (2016). Resilience Protective Factors in an Older Adult Population: A Qualitative Interpretive Meta-Synthesis. Social Work Research, 40(3), 171-182. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/svw008

Coronado-Hijón, A, (2017). Academic Resilience: A Transcultural Perspective. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237, 594-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.013

Crespo, M., Fernández-Lansac, V., & Soberón, C. (2014). Adaptación española de la “Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson” (CD-RISC) en situaciones de estrés Crónico [Spanish adaptation of the "Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale" (CD-RISC) in situations of Chronic stress]. Behavioral Psychology, 22(2), 219-238.

Cronly, J., Duff, A., Riekert, K., Horgan, A., Lehane, E., Perry, I., Fitzgerald, A., Howe, B., Chroinin, M., & Savage, E. (2019). Positive mental health and wellbeing in adults with cystic fibrosis: A cross sectional study, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, (116), 125-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.11.016

Ellis, B. J., Bianchi, J. M., Griskevicius, V., & Frankenhuis, W. E. (2017). Beyond Risk and Protective Factors: An Adaptation-Based Approach to Resilience. Perspective on Psychological Science, 12(4), 561-587. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617693054

Dias, P. C., & Cadime, I. (2017). Protective factors and resilience in adolescents: The mediating role of self-regulation. Psicología Educativa, 23(1), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pse.2016.09.003

Díaz, D., Rodríguez-Carvajal, R., Blanco, A., Moreno-Jiménez, B., Gallardo, I., Valle, C. & Dierendonck, D. V. (2006). Adaptación española de las escalas de bienestar psicológico de Ryff [Spanish adaptation of Ryff's psychological well-being scales]. Psicothema, 18(3), 572-577.

Hamby, S., Grych, J., & Banyard, V. (2018). Resilience portfolios and poly-strengths: Identifying protective factors associated with thriving after adversity. Psychology of Violence, 8(2), 172-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/vio0000135

Harms, C., Pooley, J.A., & Cohen, L. (2017). The protective factors for resilience scale (PFRS): Development of the scale. Cogent Psychology, 4, 1400415. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2017.1400415

Harms, C., Cohen, L., Pooley, J.A., Chambers, S., Galvão, D., & Newton, R. (2019). Quality of life and psychological distress in cancer survivors: The role of psycho‐social resources for resilience. Psycho‐Oncology, 28, 271–277. https://doi.org/10.1002.pon.4934

Hjemdal, O., Friborg, O., Stiles, T. C., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Martinussen, M. (2006). Resilience predicting psychiatric symptoms: A prospective study of protective factors and their role in adjustment to stressful life events. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13, 194–201. https://doi.org/10.1002/

Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-55, https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

Lee J. H., Nam, S. K., Kim, A. R., Kim, B., Lee, M. Y., & Lee, S. M. (2013). Resilience: a meta-analytic approach. Journal of Counseling Development, 91, 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2013.00095.x

Lee, D., Boseok, C., Chul-Soo, P., Bong-Jo, K., Cheol-Soon, L., So-Jin, L., Ji-Yeong, S., Young, A.C., Jong, H., Jong, H.H., & Jae-Won, C. (2017). Effects of resilience on quality of life in patients with bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 434-441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.075

Lorenzo-Seva, U. (1999). Promin: a method for oblique factor rotation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 34, 347-365. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327906MBR3403_3

Lorenzo-Seva, U. & Ferrando, P. J. (2006). FACTOR: a computer program to fit the exploratory Factor Analysis model. Behavioral Research Methods, 38, 88-91.

Lozano, L. M., García-Cueto, E., & Muñiz, J. (2008) Effect of the number of response categories on the reliability and validity of rating scales. Methodology, 4, 73-79. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.4.2.73

Luthar, S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Future Work. Child Development, 71(3), 543-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164

Masten, A. S., & Narayan, A. J. (2012) Child development in the context of disaster, war, and terrorism: Pathways of risk and resilience. Annual Review of Psychology, 63(1), 227-257.

Miles, J. & Shevlin, M. (1998). Effects of sample size, model specification and factor loadings on the GFI in confirmatory factor analysis, Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 85-90.

Otero, J. M., Luengo, A., Romero, E. Gómez, J. A. & Castro, C. (1998). Psicología de personalidad. Manual de prácticas [Personality psychology. Practice Manual]. Barcelona: Ariel Practicum.

Pooley, J., & Cohen, L. (2010). Resilience: A Definition in Context. Australian Community Psychologist, 22, 30-37.

Rahiem, H. M. D., Krauss, S. E., & Rahim, H. (2018). The Child Victims of the Aceh Tsunami: Stories of Resilience, Coping and Moving on with Life. Procedia Engineering, 212, 1303–1310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.168

Ryff, C. (1989). Beyond Ponce de Leon and life satisfaction: New directions in quest of successful aging. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 12, 35-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/016502548901200102

Rodríguez-Rey, T., Alonso-Tapia, J. & Hernansaiz-Garrido, H. (2016). Reliability and Validty of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) Spanish Version. Psychological Assessment, 26(5), e101–e110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000191

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Editorial Princenton. University Press. Princenton.

Rutter, M. (2012). Resilience as a dynamic concept. Development and Psychopathology, 24(2), 335-344. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000028

Scheier, M. F. L., Carver, C.S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1063-78.

Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The Brief Resilience Scale: Assessing the Ability to Bounce Back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972

Ungar, M. (2013). Resilience, Trauma, Context, and Culture. Trauma Violence Abuse, 14(3), 255-66. https//doi: 10.1177/1524838013487805.

Timmerman, M. E. & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2011). Dimensionality Assessment of Ordered Polytomous Items with Parallel Analysis. Psychological Methods, 16, 209-220. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023353.

Vázquez, A. J., García-Bóveda, R., & Vázquez-Morejón, R. (2004). Escala de autoestima de Rosenberg: fiabilidad y validez en población clínica española [Rosenberg self-esteem scale: reliability and validity in the Spanish clinical population]. Apuntes de psicología, 22(2), 247-255.

Windle, G., Bennett, K. M., & Noyes, J. (2011). A methodological review of resilience measurement scales. Health Quality of Life Outcomes, 9(8), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-9-8

Published
05-08-2020
How to Cite
León, E., Neipp López, M. del C., & Nuñez, R. M. (2020). Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Protective Factors of Resilience Scale (PFRS). Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 36(3), 468–474. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.406231
Issue
Section
Clinical and Health Psychology

Publication Facts

Metric
This article
Other articles
Peer reviewers 
2
2.4

Reviewer profiles  N/A

Author statements

Author statements
This article
Other articles
Data availability 
N/A
16%
External funding 
N/A
32%
Competing interests 
N/A
11%
Metric
This journal
Other journals
Articles accepted 
52%
33%
Days to publication 
238
145

Indexed in

Editor & editorial board
profiles
Academic society 
N/A
Publisher 
Editum - Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (España)