Efectos de los estilos parentales en el ajuste de adolescentes y adultos: ¿qué estilo parental es el más beneficioso en las familias españolas?
Agencias de apoyo
- La investigación reportada en este artículo ha sido parcialmente apoyada por las Becas CIAICO/2021/252 (Conselleria de Innovación, Educación, Universidades y Empleo, Generalitat Valenciana) y BEFPI/2017/058 (Generalitat Valenciana, y Fondo Social Europeo).
Resumen
Un debate clásico en la investigación es si uno de los dos componentes de la socialización parental (severidad y afecto) tiene un mayor impacto en el ajuste psicosocial no sólo en experiencias tempranas como la adolescencia, sino también a largo plazo, en etapas posteriores del desarrollo del ciclo vital. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la asociación entre los estilos parentales y el patrón de ajuste psicosocial en hijos adolescentes y adultos. Los participantes fueron 2087 hijos españoles (58,8% mujeres). Se aplicó un MANOVA (4 × 2 × 4), donde los estilos parentales, el sexo y los grupos de edad fueron variables independientes, y el autoconcepto social, la autoestima, la falta de respuesta emocional, la empatía y el valor de la benevolencia fueron variables dependientes. Los resultados revelan que los hijos socializados en familias autoritarias e indulgentes (con afecto) obtuvieron mejores puntuaciones en ajuste psicosocial que aquellos de otros estilos parentales. Las puntuaciones de empatía eran más altas en los estilos de afecto (autorizativo e indulgente), independientemente de la dimensión de severidad. Contrariamente a los hallazgos clásicos con familias europeo-americanas, el afecto parental se asocia positivamente con el ajuste psicosocial independientemente de la severidad (estilos indulgente y autorizativo).
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Derechos de autor 2025 Ana Jacome-Mora, Oscar F. Garcia, Merjema Ertema, Fernando García
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