El efecto de las experiencias traumáticas en los estilos de apego
Resumen
Las experiencias traumáticas son experiencias destructivas que afectan a los individuos en su edad adulta, dañando su sentido de confianza hacia ellos mismos, el mundo y otras personas, llevándolos a la desesperación. Este estudio tiene como objetivo probar el efecto de las experiencias traumáticas de la infancia sobre los estilos de apego en la edad adulta y averiguar qué tipo de experiencias traumáticas explican los estilos de apego y en qué medida. En la investigación se utilizó el método de encuesta relacional y los datos se analizaron con modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. El grupo de estudio está formado por 804 estudiantes de entre 17 y 24 años. Para la recopilación de datos se utilizó el Cuestionario de trauma infantil desarrollado por Berstein et al. (1997) y el cuestionario de escalas de relación desarrollado por Griffin y Bartholomew (1994). El estudio ha concluido que las experiencias traumáticas tienen un efecto negativo y significativo en el apego seguro y un efecto positivo en el apego temeroso y preocupado, pero no son un predictor significativo de descartar el apego. Como resultado del segundo modelo de la relación entre las experiencias traumáticas y las dimensiones del apego seguro e inseguro, se ha encontrado que las experiencias traumáticas tienen un efecto negativo significativo sobre el apego seguro, pero un efecto positivo significativo sobre el apego inseguro. Con el tercer modelo, se han examinado tres tipos de experiencias traumáticas para explicar los estilos de apego. La negligencia y el abuso físico, emocional y el abuso sexual han predicho un apego seguro de una manera negativa significativa y un estilo de apego inseguro de una manera positiva significativa. El estudio reveló el efecto de las experiencias traumáticas de la infancia en los estilos de apego.
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