Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano e Educação Médica: Revisão de Escopo

Autores

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/edumed.680651
Palavras-chave: Palavras-chave: Teoria Fundamentada, Educação Médica, Sistemas Ecológicos, Desenvolvimento Humano, Ambiente Construído, Aprendizagem

Resumo

Introdução: A formação médica de pós-graduação é uma etapa decisiva para a consolidação do profissionalismo clínico, das competências especializadas e da identidade profissional. O ambiente clínico — incluindo supervisores, regulamentações e cultura institucional — molda o desenvolvimento do residente. A Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano (TBEDH) de Bronfenbrenner, operacionalizada por meio do modelo Processo–Pessoa–Contexto–Tempo (PPCT), oferece um referencial para compreender como múltiplos níveis contextuais interagem e condicionam a experiência formativa.

 

Objetivo: Mapear estudos que aplicam a TBEDH na educação médica de pós-graduação, identificar níveis de análise, descrever metodologias e principais achados, e detectar lacunas de pesquisa.

 

Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão de escopo seguindo as diretrizes de Arksey e O’Malley, Levac e PRISMA-ScR. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS Salud e Epistemonikos (2015–2025), em inglês e espanhol, limitadas a publicações de texto completo revisadas por pares. Foram incluídos tanto estudos teóricos quanto empíricos que aplicassem explicitamente o modelo PPCT na educação médica de pós-graduação.

 

Resultados: Foram identificados seis estudos relevantes. Estes variaram de referenciais conceituais (Ellaway, Gruppen) a pesquisas qualitativas (Nolan, Jones, Kelly) e intervenções institucionais (Zwemer). Os níveis bioecológicos mais frequentemente explorados foram micro, meso e macro, enquanto o cronossistema apareceu em estudos que abordavam mudanças curriculares e contextuais. Os achados indicam que fatores como as relações entre supervisor e residente, a inclusão, a cultura organizacional e as políticas exercem influências multiníveis sobre a aprendizagem e o bem-estar dos residentes.

 

Conclusão: A TBEDH constitui um referencial robusto e versátil para a análise da educação médica de pós-graduação, permitindo compreender a aprendizagem como um fenômeno complexo e dependente do contexto. No entanto, seu uso empírico ainda é limitado, destacando a necessidade de ampliar as pesquisas que integrem essa abordagem no desenho de políticas de educação em saúde e programas de formação.

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Biografia Autor

Juan Lugo, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social

99273622

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Publicado
21-10-2025
Como Citar
Lugo, J., Espinoza Morales, D. I., Zazueta Cárdenas , A., Medina Serrano , J. M., & Alvídrez Labrado , A. (2025). Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano e Educação Médica: Revisão de Escopo. Revista Espanhola De Educação Médica, 6(5). https://doi.org/10.6018/edumed.680651