Proyección de patología de salud mental en estudiantes de Medicina y su relación con la docencia y pandemia por COVID-19.

Autores/as

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/edumed.568101
Palabras clave: Clima educativo, Prácticas clínicas, Salud Mental, COVID-19

Resumen

Introducción: Existe una alta prevalencia de patologías de salud mental (SM) en estudiantes de medicina. Es posible que la pandemia del COVID-19 los haya incrementado, afectando el ámbito personal y académico. Objetivos: Analizar la SM, el impacto de la COVID-19, los cambios en la percepción del entorno educativo y del internado clínico en relación con las psicopatologías y el seguimiento por parte de Atención Primaria (AP) y del Centro de Psicología Aplicada (CPA) de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). Métodos: Se utilizó la aplicación MeMind para recolectar las variables sociodemográficas, el tamizaje y las respuestas a los cuestionarios de ambiente educativo y prácticas clínicas de 201 estudiantes de medicina de la UAM (14,6%). Resultados: 44% tienen bajo bienestar; 31,5%, posible depresión; 31,7%, posible ansiedad; 55,2%, riesgo de adicción; 17,3%, ideación suicida; el 8,1% posible psicosis y el 15,1% consumo de psicofármacos. El 16,2% lleva seguimiento por AP/SM y un 2% por el CPA. El bajo bienestar y el riesgo de depresión son más altos en los primeros cursos y disminuyen en el sexto año. Sin embargo, el consumo de psicotrópicos aumenta durante la carrera. Con respecto a la pandemia, el bajo bienestar, la posible ansiedad y la depresión se asocian con problemas individuales (p. ej., pérdida económica, personal). La docencia en línea parece haber impactado negativamente en el entorno educativo y el internado clínico y, por tanto, en el bienestar y la depresión. Conclusiones: la pandemia ha afectado a la salud mental, al entorno educativo y al internado clínico de los estudiantes de medicina de la UAM.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Métricas

Cargando métricas ...

Citas

Mata DA, Ramos MA, Bansal N, et al. Prevalence of Depression and Depressive Symptoms Among Resident Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. The Journal of the American Medical Association 2016; 50(5), 805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.03.012

Ruitenburg MM, Frings-Dresen MH, & Sluiter JK. The prevalence of common mental disorders among hospital physicians and their association with self-reported work ability: A cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research 2012; 12(1), 292. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-292

World Health Organization. Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates, 2017. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254610/WHO-MSD-MER-2017.2-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Medisauskaite A, Silkens MEWM, Rich A. A national longitudinal cohort study of factors contributing to UK medical students' mental ill-health symptoms. Gen Psychiatr. 2023; 36(2): e101004. http://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2022-101004

de Sá E Camargo ML, Torres RV, Cotta KCG, Ezequiel ODS, Lucchetti G, Lucchetti ALG. Mental health throughout the medical career: A comparison of depression, anxiety, and stress levels among medical students, residents, and physicians [published online ahead of print, 2023 Feb 24]. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2023; 207640231157258. http://doi.org/10.1177/00207640231157258

Mhata NT, Ntlantsana V, Tomita AM, Mwambene K, Saloojee S. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and burnout in medical students at the University of Namibia. S Afr J Psychiatr. 2023; 29: 2044. http://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v29i0.2044.

Peng P, Hao Y, Liu Y, Chen S, Wang Y, Yang Q, Wang X, Li M, Wang Y, He L, Wang Q, Ma Y, He H, Zhou Y, Wu Q, Liu T. The prevalence and risk factors of mental problems in medical students during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2023; 321:167-181. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.040

Alshehri A, Alshehri B, Alghadir O, Basamh A, Alzeer M, Alshehri M, Nasr S. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among first-year and fifth-year medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2023; 23(1): 411. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04387-x

Torales J, O’Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry2020; 66(4), 317-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020915212

Capdevila-Gaudens P, Garcı́a-Abajo JM, Flores-Funes D, Garcı́a-Barbero M, Garcı́a-Estañ J. Depression, anxiety, burnout and empathy among Spanish medical students. PLoS ONE 2021; 16(12): e0260359. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260359

Gellisch M, Bablok M, Morosan-Puopolo G, Schäfer T, Brand-Saberi B. Dynamically Changing Mental Stress Parameters of First-Year Medical Students over the Three-Year Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel). 2023;11:1558. http://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111558

Yeo S, Choi E, Kim J, Won S. The mental health of medical students in Daegu during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Korean J Med Educ. 2023;35(2):25-141. http://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2023.254

Rich A, Viney R, Silkens M, Griffin A, Medisauskaite A. UK medical students' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study. BMJ Open. 2023; 13(4): e070528. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070528

Paz DC, Bains MS, Zueger ML, Bandi VR, Kuo VY, Cook K, Ryznar R. COVID-19 and mental health: A systematic review of international medical student surveys. Front Psychol. 2022; 13: 1028559. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1028559.

Xiao H, Shu W, Li M et al. Social Distancing among Medical Students during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in China: Disease Awareness, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Behavioral Activities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020; 17(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145047

Zafar U, Daud S, Khalid A. Determinants of depression among undergraduate medical students of a private medical college in Lahore. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020; 70(3):467-471. https://doi.org/10.5455/JPMA.13896

Rotenstein LS, Ramos MA, Torre M et al. Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA 2016; 316(21), 2214. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.17324

Arenas-Castañeda PE, Aroca Bisquert F, Martinez-Nicolas I. et al. Universal mental health screening with a focus on suicidal behaviour using smartphones in a Mexican rural community: Protocol for the SMART-SCREEN population-based survey. BMJ Open 2020; 10(7), e035041. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035041

Jeyashree K, Shewade HD, Kathirvel S. Development and psychometric testing of an abridged version of Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM). Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 2018; 23(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-018-0702-7

Castro-Rodríguez Y, Huamán-Aguilar L, Piscoche-Rodríguez C. Propiedades psicométricas del Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure en la Odontología. Educación Médica 2019; 20 (1): 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edumed.2017.11.005

Guadalajara H; Palazón Á, Lopez-Fernandez O et al. Towards an Open Medical School without Checkerboards during the COVID-19 Pandemic: How to Flexibly Self-Manage General Surgery Practices in Hospitals? Healthcare 2021, 9, x. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060743

Atienza-Carbonell B, Balanzá-Martínez V. Prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among Spanish medical students. Actas de Psiquiatría 2020; 48(4), 154-162.https://www.actaspsiquiatria.es/repositorio//22/126/ENG/22-126-ENG-154-62-609541.pdf

Tempski P, Santos IS, Mayer et al. Relationship among Medical Student Resilience, Educational Environment and Quality of Life. Plos One 2015; 10(6), e0131535. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131535

Burström B, Tao W. Social determinants of health and inequalities in COVID-19. The European Journal of Public Health 2020; 30(4), 617-618. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa095

Gloster AT, Lamnisos D, Lubenko J. et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health: An international study. PloS One 2020; 15(12), e0244809. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244809

Liang L, Ren H, Cao R et al. The Effect of COVID-19 on Youth Mental Health. The Psychiatric Quarterly 2020; 91(3), 841-852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09744-3

Stormon N, Sexton C, Ford PJ, Eley DS. Understanding the well-being of dentistry students. Eur J Dent Educ. 2022;26(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.12666

Publicado
13-07-2023
Cómo citar
García-Abajo, J. M., Guadalajara, H., Pérez López, P., López-Fernández, O., & Baca-García, E. (2023). Proyección de patología de salud mental en estudiantes de Medicina y su relación con la docencia y pandemia por COVID-19. Revista Española de Educación Médica, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.6018/edumed.568101

Publication Facts

Metric
This article
Other articles
Peer reviewers 
2,4 promedio

Reviewer profiles  N/D

Author statements

Author statements
This article
Other articles
Data availability 
N/A
16%
External funding 
N/D
32% con financiadores
Competing interests 
N/D
11%
Metric
Para esta revista
Other journals
Articles accepted 
Artículos aceptados: 85%
33% aceptado
Days to publication 
77
145

Indexado: {$indexList}

Editor & editorial board
profiles
Academic society 
Universidad de Murcia
Editora: 
Ediciones de la Universidad de Murcia (Editum)