¿Cuáles son los puestos de liderazgo y gestión en la educación médica? Una revisión de alcance
Resumen
El liderazgo puede definirse como una combinación de posición, responsabilidades, actitud, habilidades y comportamientos que contribuyen al éxito sostenible. A pesar de la amplia investigación sobre la representación de varios grupos, incluidos los géneros y las cualidades personales, en puestos de liderazgo y gestión en la educación médica, sigue habiendo una falta de claridad con respecto a qué son exactamente estos puestos. En esta revisión de alcance, buscamos determinar estos puestos siguiendo el marco de Levac et al. Buscamos cuatro bases de datos; PubMed, ERIC, Scopus y Web of Science hasta el 23 de marzo de 2023, lo que resultó en 558 registros para la selección después de eliminar duplicados y aplicar algunas exclusiones. La revisión incluyó 266 estudios para la extracción y síntesis de datos. Además de los puestos de liderazgo, revelamos los países de los estudios, el contexto principal, la disciplina y el año. Identificamos 396 puestos de liderazgo y gestión en la educación médica bajo cuatro categorías: puestos académicos, administrativos, relacionados con revistas y relacionados con la sociedad. Además, la mayoría de los estudios (59,77 %) abordaron temas relacionados con el género, seguidos de aquellos centrados en minorías subrepresentadas. Los artículos abarcaron 40 disciplinas diferentes, siendo los campos quirúrgicos los de mayor frecuencia, como la cirugía ortopédica, la neurocirugía y la cirugía plástica y reconstructiva. La lista sistemática de puestos de nuestro estudio puede considerarse un recurso valioso para futuras investigaciones, especialmente en estudios que buscan determinar la representación de mujeres y minorías subrepresentadas en puestos de liderazgo y gestión en la formación médica.
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