On testimonial justice online. Nuancing Karen Frost-Arnold's optimistic virtue epistemology

Autores/as

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/daimon.612021
Palabras clave: epistemología de la virtud, testimonio online, deferencia, lurkers, confianza, humildad

Agencias de apoyo

  • Fundación BBVA
  • Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

Resumen

En What Should We Be Online, Karen Frost-Arnold defiende una cierta aproximación a las virtudes epistémicas que resista al pesimismo acerca de la posibilidad de que nuestra agencia epistémica online sea responsable y justa. Sobre la base de una epistemología veritista, su propuesta supera tanto el individualismo responsabilista como la crítíca socio-estructural que delega toda responsabilidad en transformaciones institucionales. La autora identifica en el online lurking una actividad exclusiva de la agencia epistémica online capaz de proporcionar una exposición a mensajes de personas discriminadas por injusticias epistémicas. Para Frost-Arnold, a su vez, esto implica la posibilidad de que el lurker experimente fricciones epistémicas que favorecerán una disposición más fiable a ser justos a la hora de dar crédito a los testimonios de personas discriminadas. En esta nota matizaré esta postura optimista, alegando el individualismo epistémico que subyace. Apuntaré a un modelo de virtudes grupales como posible solución. 

In Who Should We Be Online, Karen Frost-Arnold advocates an approach to epistemic virtues that resists pessimism about the possibility of our online epistemic agency being responsible and socially just. On the basis of a veritist epistemology, her proposal overcomes both responsibilist individualism and the socio-structural critique that delegates all responsibility to institutional transformations. The author identifies in online lurking an activity unique to online epistemic agency that can provide exposure to messages from people discriminated against by epistemic injustices. For Frost-Arnold, moreover, this implies the possibility of the lurker experiencing epistemic frictions that will favour a more reliable willingness to be fair in giving credit to the testimonies of those discriminated against. In this note I will qualify this optimistic stance, arguing the epistemic individualism that underlies it. I will point to a group virtue model as a possible solution.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Alfano, M. (2016). The Topology of Communities of Trust. Russian Sociological Review, 15(4), 30-56. https://doi.org/10.17323/1728-192X-2016-4-30-56

Anderson, E. (2012). Epistemic Justice as a Virtue of Social Institutions. Social Epistemology, 26(2), 163-173. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2011.652211

Badhwar, N. K. (2009). The Milgram Experiments, Learned Helplessness, and Character Traits. The Journal of Ethics, 13(2-3), 257-289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10892-009-9052-4

Baehr, J. (2011). The inquiring mind: On intellectual virtues and virtue epistemology. Oxford university press.

Baehr, J. S., & Hazlett, A. (Eds.). (2016). The Civic Virtues of Skepticism, Intellectual Humility, and Intellectual Criticism. En Intellectual virtues and education: Essays in applied virtue epistemology (pp. 71-92). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Berenstain, N. (2016). Epistemic Exploitation. Ergo, an Open Access Journal of Philosophy, 3(20201214). https://doi.org/10.3998/ergo.12405314.0003.022

Brinkmann, M. (2022). In Defence of Non-Ideal Political Deference. Episteme, 19(2), 264-285. https://doi.org/10.1017/epi.2020.26

De Ridder, J. (2022). Online Illusions of Understanding. Social Epistemology, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2022.2151331

Driver, J. (2001). Uneasy Virtue (1.a ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511498770

Dutilh Novaes, C. (2023). The (higher-order) evidential significance of attention and trust—Comments on Levy’s Bad Beliefs. Philosophical Psychology, 36(4), 792-807. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2023.2174845

Fisher, M., Goddu, M. K., & Keil, F. C. (2015). Searching for explanations: How the Internet inflates estimates of internal knowledge. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(3), 674-687. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000070

Fricker, E. (1995). Telling and Trusting: Reductuonism and Anti-Reductionism in the Epistemology of Testimony. Mind, 104(414), 393-411.

Fricker, M. (2010). Replies to Alcoff, Goldberg, and Hookway on Epistemic Injustice. Episteme, 7(2), 164-178. https://doi.org/10.3366/epi.2010.0006

Frost-Arnold, K. (2023). Who should we be online? A social epistemology for the Internet. Oxford University Press.

Goldman, A. I. (2010). Systems-oriented social epistemology. En Tamar Szabó Gendler & John Hawthorne (eds.). Oxford Studies in Epistemology, Vol. 3. (pp. 189-214.). Oxford University Press.

Heersmink, R. (2018). A virtue epistemology of the Internet: Search engines, intellectual virtues and education. Social Epistemology, 32(1), 1-12.

Lackey, J. (2007). Why we don’t deserve credit for everything we know. Synthese, 158(3), 345-361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-006-9044-x

Levy, N. (2019). Due deference to denialism: Explaining ordinary people’s rejection of established scientific findings. Synthese, 196(1), 313-327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-017-1477-x

Levy, N. (2022). Bad beliefs: Why they happen to good people (First edition). Oxford University Press.

Levy, N. (2023). Too humble for words. Philosophical Studies, 180(10-11), 3141-3160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-023-02031-4

Marin, L., & Copeland, S. M. (2022). Self-Trust and Critical Thinking Online: A Relational Account. Social Epistemology, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2022.2151330

Sosa, E. (1995). Knowledge in perspective selected essays in epistemology. Cambridge University Press.

Sullivan, Emily. (2019). Beyond Testimony: When Online Information Sharing is not Testifying. Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective, 8(10), 20-24.

Sullivan, S. (2006). Revealing whiteness: The unconscious habits of racial privilege. Indiana University Press.

Vallor, S. (2016). Technology and the virtues: A philosophical guide to a future worth wanting. Oxford University press.

Véliz, C. (2019). Online Masquerade: Redesigning the Internet for Free Speech Through the Use of Pseudonyms. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 36(4), 643-658. https://doi.org/10.1111/japp.12342

Publicado
01-09-2024
Cómo citar
Velasco Arias, G. (2024). On testimonial justice online. Nuancing Karen Frost-Arnold’s optimistic virtue epistemology. Daimon Revista Internacional de Filosofia, (93), 169–178. https://doi.org/10.6018/daimon.612021
Número
Sección
MONOGRÁFICO sobre «Diversidad y deliberación en entornos digitales». Simposio sobre Who Should We be Online (OUP, 2023) de Karen Frost-Arnold