Mindfulness em atletas de resistência: benefícios para o bem-estar psicológico e o desempenho esportivo – uma revisão sistemática
Resumo
O mindfulness tem emergido como uma prática relevante na Psicologia do Esporte, especialmente nos esportes de resistência, onde as demandas físicas e psicológicas são particularmente elevadas. Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos das intervenções baseadas em mindfulness sobre o bem-estar psicológico e o desempenho esportivo em atletas de resistência, considerando fatores psicológicos associados, como a regulação emocional, a ansiedade, o estresse e o estado de flow. A revisão foi conduzida seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA (2020) e foi registrada na plataforma PROSPERO (2024). Foi realizada uma busca sistemática em diversas bases de dados, entre elas PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science. Foram incluídos seis estudos que avaliaram intervenções baseadas em mindfulness em atletas de resistência. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada por meio da escala PEDro e da ferramenta ROBINS-I V2. Os resultados sugerem que o mindfulness pode atuar como um facilitador psicológico, favorecendo a aceitação das experiências internas, a melhoria do foco atencional e da resiliência, bem como reduções na ansiedade e no estresse e uma maior experiência de flow. Os tamanhos do efeito nos estudos incluídos variaram de pequenos a muito grandes (d = 0.31–1.83). As variáveis relacionadas ao bem-estar psicológico apresentaram, em geral, efeitos de magnitude moderada a grande, enquanto os resultados relacionados ao desempenho esportivo mostraram maior variabilidade. As limitações metodológicas e o reduzido número de estudos restringem a generalização dos achados. Em conclusão, o mindfulness apresenta-se como uma intervenção promissora nos esportes de resistência, embora sejam necessárias mais pesquisas com desenhos metodológicos mais robustos para consolidar sua efetividade e aplicabilidade prática.
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