Relações entre a Liderança Transformacional do Professor e as Experiências Ótimas de Adolescentes na Educação Física: Uma Revisão Sistemática
Resumo
A atividade física é essencial para o desenvolvimento físico, mental e social dos jovens, sendo crucial durante a adolescência. Estudos anteriores demonstraram múltiplos benefícios da atividade física, incluindo melhorias na saúde cardiovascular, promoção do trabalho em equipe, habilidades sociais e liderança, além da redução dos níveis de ansiedade e estresse. No contexto escolar da educação física, o estilo de liderança dos professores, especialmente a liderança transformacional, é determinante para a experiência positiva dos alunos em relação à atividade física. Este tipo de liderança, que se baseia na influência idealizada, motivação inspiradora, estimulação intelectual e consideração individualizada, pode motivar os alunos e fomentar experiências ótimas na educação física. A revisão sistemática foi registrada no PROSPERO e desenvolvida seguindo a declaração PRISMA. A qualidade dos estudos foi verificada com a escala PEDro e as listas de verificação STROBE para a avaliação crítica. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos com adolescentes saudáveis de 11 a 18 anos, escritos em inglês ou espanhol. As bases de dados utilizadas foram Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Dialnet e Redalyc. Inicialmente, foram identificados 1824 estudos, dos quais, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 6 artigos foram incluídos na síntese final. Os resultados destacam que os alunos de professores transformacionais apresentam maior participação e desfrute das atividades físicas, tanto dentro quanto fora da escola. As dimensões da liderança transformacional, como motivação inspiradora e consideração individualizada, parecem ser particularmente influentes na motivação e participação dos alunos nas aulas de educação física. Esses resultados ressaltam a importância de promover estilos de liderança transformacional no contexto educacional para otimizar as experiências e os resultados dos alunos em educação física.
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