Portugal Determinantes do comportamento sedentário de idosos que residem em Portugal: análise temática qualitativa a partir da SOS-framework
Resumo
O processo de envelhecimento resulta num declínio geral das capacidades do indivíduo. Associado ao comportamento sedentário, que traz inúmeras consequências para a saúde, torna-se importante perceber e criar estratégias que modifiquem este comportamento, no sentido de promover uma melhor qualidade de vida. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e compreender quais os determinantes do comportamento sedentário de idosos que residem em Portugal. Participaram no estudo 12 idosos, com idades entre os 71 e os 86 anos (M = 78,92 anos; DP = 6,52), que responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados recolhidos foram analisados tendo como base uma perspetiva interpretativa, assumindo uma ontologia relativista e uma epistemologia subjetivista. Os resultados revelaram determinantes que foram reunidos em seis grupos: Saúde e Bem-Estar, Contexto Social e Cultural, Comportamento e Psicologia, Ambiente Construído e Natural, Configurações institucionais/domiciliares e, Política e Economia. Os determinantes mais mencionados pelos participantes para se manterem em CS foram as limitações físicas, as atividades organizadas em grupo (sentados), a solidão, a falta de motivação e de instalações para saírem de casa, as políticas institucionais, o conforto do quarto e, por último, as autoridades locais que não realizam atividades, por vezes, por falta de recursos financeiros. Desta forma, percebemos que o CS é determinado por diversos fatores e todos eles estão relacionados entre si, contudo, não podemos generalizar, sendo necessária uma análise individual e contextual específica, para se ajustarem as estratégias ao indivíduo/grupo.
Downloads
Referências
Anguera Argilaga, M. T., Blanco Villaseñor, Ángel, Hernández Mendo, A., & Losada López, J. L. (2011). Diseños Observacionales: Ajuste y aplicación en psicología del deporte. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 11(2), 63–76.
Anguera, M. T., & Hernández Mendo, A. (2013). La metodología observacional en el ámbito del deporte. E-balonmano.com: Revista de Ciencias del Deporte, 9(3), 135-160.
Anguera, M. T., & Hernández Mendo, A. (2015). Técnicas de análisis en estudios observacionales en ciencias del deporte. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 15(1), 13–30.
Anguera, M.T. (1990). Metodología Observacional. In J. Arnau, M.T. Anguera, J. Gómez (Eds.). Metodología de la Investigación en Ciencias del Comportamiento (pp. 125-236). Murcia: Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia
Ballester-Martínez, O., Baños, R., & Navarro-Mateu, F. (2022). Actividad física, naturaleza y bienestar mental: una revisión sistemática. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 22(2), 62–84. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.465781
Battaglia, G., Giustino, V., Messina, G., Faraone, M., Brusa, J., Bordonali, A., Barbagallo, M., Palma, A., & Dominguez, L.-J. (2020). Walking in Natural Environments as Geriatrician’s Recommendation for Fall Prevention: Preliminary Outcomes from the “Passiata Day” Model. Sustainability, 12, 2684. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072684
Borgstede, M., & Scholz, M. (2021). Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Generalization and Replication-A Representationalist View. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 605191. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.605191
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Braun, V., Clarke, V., & Weate, P. (2016). Using thematic analysis in sport and exercise research. In B. Smith & A. Sparkes (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise (pp. 191-205). Routledge.
Brug, J., & Chinapaw, M. (2015). Determinants of engaging in sedentary behavior across the lifespan; lessons learned from two systematic reviews conducted within DEDIPAC. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 12, 134. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0293-2
Buck, C., Loyen, A., Foraita, R., Van Cauwenberg, J., De Craemer, M., Mac Donncha, C., Oppert, J. M., Brug, J., Lien, N., Cardon, G., Pigeot, I., & Chastin, S., & DEDIPAC consortium (2019). Factors influencing sedentary behaviour: A system based analysis using Bayesian networks within DEDIPAC. PloS one, 14(1), e0211546. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211546
Cammisuli, D. M., Franzoni, F., Fusi, J., Scarfò, G., & Castelnuovo, G. (2023). Engagement in a structured physical activity program and its effects upon health-related quality of life in elderly women: An observational study. Frontiers in psychology, 14, 1135433. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1135433
Chastin, S. F., Buck, C., Freiberger, E., Murphy, M., Brug, J., Cardon, G., O'Donoghue, G., Pigeot, I., Oppert, J. M., & DEDIPAC consortium (2015). Systematic literature review of determinants of sedentary behaviour in older adults: a DEDIPAC study. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 12, 127. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0292-3
Chastin, S. F., Culhane, B., & Dall, P. M. (2014b). Comparison of self-reported measure of sitting time (IPAQ) with objective measurement (activPAL). Physiological measurement, 35(11), 2319–2328. https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/35/11/2319
Chastin, S. F., De Craemer, M., Lien, N., Bernaards, C., Buck, C., Oppert, J. M., Nazare, J. A., Lakerveld, J., O'Donoghue, G., Holdsworth, M., Owen, N., Brug, J., Cardon, G., & DEDIPAC consortium, expert working group and consensus panel (2016). The SOS-framework (Systems of Sedentary behaviours): an international transdisciplinary consensus framework for the study of determinants, research priorities and policy on sedentary behaviour across the life course: a DEDIPAC-study. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 13, 83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0409-3
Chastin, S. F., Fitzpatrick, N., Andrews, M., & DiCroce, N. (2014a). Determinants of sedentary behavior, motivation, barriers and strategies to reduce sitting time in older women: a qualitative investigation. International journal of environmental research and public health, 11(1), 773–791. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110100773
Chastin, S., Gardiner, P. A., Harvey, J. A., Leask, C. F., Jerez-Roig, J., Rosenberg, D., Ashe, M. C., Helbostad, J. L., & Skelton, D. A. (2021). Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling older adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 6(6), CD012784. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012784.pub2
Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Sage Publications, Inc.
Creswell, J.W., & Miller, D.L. (2000). Determining Validity in Qualitative Inquiry. Theory into Practice, 39, 124-130. http://doi.org/10.1207/ s15430421tip3903_2
de Rezende, L. F., Rey-López, J. P., Matsudo, V. K., & do Carmo Luiz, O. (2014). Sedentary behavior and health outcomes among older adults: a systematic review. BMC public health, 14, 333. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-333
Denzin, N. K. (1978). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods (2nd ed.). McGraw Hill.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2005). The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications Ltd.
Dogra, S., & Stathokostas, L. (2012). Sedentary behavior and physical activity are independent predictors of successful aging in middle-aged and older adults. Journal of aging research, 2012, 190654. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/190654
Figueira, H.A., Figueira, O.A., Corradi-Perini, C., Martínez-Rodríguez, A., Figueira, A.A., da Silva, C.R.L., & Dantas, E.H.M. (2021). A Descriptive Analytical Study on Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Sustainable Aging. Sustainability, 13, 5968. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su13115968
Ford, E. S., & Caspersen, C. J. (2012). Sedentary behaviour and cardiovascular disease: a review of prospective studies. International journal of epidemiology, 41(5), 1338–1353. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dys078
Greenwood-Hickman, M. A., Renz, A., & Rosenberg, D. E. (2016). Motivators and Barriers to Reducing Sedentary Behavior Among Overweight and Obese Older Adults. The Gerontologist, 56(4), 660–668. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu163
Guba, E., & Lincoln, Y. (2005). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging con?uences. In N.K. Denzin & Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 191- 215). Sage Publications Ltd.
Hallal, P. C., Bauman, A. E., Heath, G. W., Kohl, H. W. 3rd, Lee, I. M., & Pratt, M. (2012). Physical activity: more of the same is not enough. Lancet (London, England), 380(9838), 190–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61027-7
Hamilton, M. T., Healy, G. N., Dunstan, D. W., Zderic, T. W., & Owen, N. (2008). Too Little Exercise and Too Much Sitting: Inactivity Physiology and the Need for New Recommendations on Sedentary Behavior. Current cardiovascular risk reports, 2(4), 292–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12170-008-0054-8
Harvey, J. A., Chastin, S. F., & Skelton, D. A. (2015). How Sedentary are Older People? A Systematic Review of the Amount of Sedentary Behavior. Journal of aging and physical activity, 23(3), 471–487. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2014-0164
Hyden, L., & Bulow, P. (2003). Who’s Talking: Drawing Conclusions from Focus Groups—Some Methodological Considerations. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 6, 305-321. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570210124865
Kikuchi, H., Inoue, S., Sugiyama, T., Owen, N., Oka, K., & Shimomitsu, T. (2013). Correlates of prolonged television viewing time in older Japanese men and women. BMC public health, 13, 213. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-213
Laforge, R. G., Rossi, J. S., Prochaska, J. O., Velicer, W. F., Levesque, D. A., & McHorney, C. A. (1999). Stage of regular exercise and health-related quality of life. Preventive medicine, 28(4), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1998.0429
Lauder, W., Mummery, K., Jones, M., & Caperchione, C. (2006). A comparison of health behaviours in lonely and non-lonely populations. Psychology, health & medicine, 11(2), 233–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548500500266607
Leask, C. F., Harvey, J. A., Skelton, D. A., & Chastin, S. F. (2015). Exploring the context of sedentary behaviour in older adults (what, where, why, when and with whom). European review of aging and physical activity: official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity, 12, 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-015-0146-7
Lee, I. M., Shiroma, E. J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S. N., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group (2012). Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet (London, England), 380(9838), 219–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9
Leung, P. M., Ejupi, A., van Schooten, K. S., Aziz, O., Feldman, F., Mackey, D. C., Ashe, M. C., & Robinovitch, S. N. (2017). Association between Sedentary Behaviour and Physical, Cognitive, and Psychosocial Status among Older Adults in Assisted Living. BioMed research international, 2017, 9160504. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9160504
Levers, M.-J. D. (2013). Philosophical Paradigms, Grounded Theory, and Perspectives on Emergence. SAGE Open, 3(4), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013517243
Lin, C.-Y., Park, J.-H., Hsueh, M.-C., Lai, T.-F., & Liao, Y. (2019). Are Area-Level Crimes Associated with Older Adults’ Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior? Sustainability, 11, 2454. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092454
Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage Publications, Inc.
Marshall M. N. (1996). Sampling for qualitative research. Family practice, 13(6), 522–525. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/13.6.522
Martin, A., Fitzsimons, C., Jepson, R., Saunders, D. H., van der Ploeg, H. P., Teixeira, P. J., Gray, C. M., Mutrie, N., & EuroFIT consortium (2015). Interventions with potential to reduce sedentary time in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. British journal of sports medicine, 49(16), 1056–1063. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094524
Mcewan, T., Tam-Seto, L., & Dogra, S. (2017). Perceptions of Sedentary Behavior Among Socially Engaged Older Adults. The Gerontologist, 57(4), 735–744. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnv689
Morillo, J., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2015). Análisis de la calidad del dato de un instrumento para la observación del ataque en balonmano playa. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 10(1), 15- 22.
Owen, N., Sugiyama, T., Eakin, E. E., Gardiner, P. A., Tremblay, M. S., & Sallis, J. F. (2011). Adults' sedentary behavior determinants and interventions. American journal of preventive medicine, 41(2), 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.05.013
Palmer, V. J., Gray, C. M., Fitzsimons, C. F., Mutrie, N., Wyke, S., Deary, I. J., Der, G., Chastin, S. F. M., Skelton, D. A., & Seniors USP Team (2019). What Do Older People Do When Sitting and Why? Implications for Decreasing Sedentary Behavior. The Gerontologist, 59(4), 686–697. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny020
Pate, R. R., O'Neill, J. R., & Lobelo, F. (2008). The evolving definition of "sedentary". Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 36(4), 173–178. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e3181877d1a
Patton. M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
Pérez-López, R., Morales-Sánchez, V., Anguera, M.T., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2015). Hacia la calidad de servicio emocional en organizaciones deportivas orientadas a la población infantil: un análisis cualitativo. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 10, 243-250.
Powell, R. A., & Single, H. M. (1996). Focus groups. International Journal or Quality in Health Care, 8, 499-504. https://doi.10.1093/intqhc/8.5.499
Prince, S. A., Saunders, T. J., Gresty, K., & Reid, R. D. (2014). A comparison of the effectiveness of physical activity and sedentary behaviour interventions in reducing sedentary time in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Obesity reviews, 15(11), 905–919. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12215
Ramalho, A., Petrica, J., & Rosado, A. (2018). Determinantes psicossociais do comportamento sedentário dos idosos: estudo qualitativo. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 19(1), 147–165. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.333221
Rosado, A. (2012). Investigação Interpretativa: uma visão geral. In Rosado, A., Mesquita, I., Colaço, C. (Eds.), Desporto e Atividade Física: Métodos e Técnicas de Investigação Qualitativa, 7-28. Cruz Quebrada: Edições FMH.
Sallis, J., Owen, N., & Fisher, E. (2008). Ecological models of health behavior. In K. Glanz, B. Rimer, & K. Viswanath (Eds.), Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (4th ed.) (pp. 465-485). Jossey-Bass.
Samadi, H., Ayatizadeh, F., Axt, G., & Machado, S. (2021). Comparison between mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral psychological interventions on the reduction of pre-competitive stress of elite shooters: a follow-up of 2 months. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 21(1), 192–203. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.399081
Sanchis-Soler, G., San Inocencio-Cuenca, D., Llorens-Soriano, P., & Blasco-Lafarga, C. (2021). Reducción de la sobrecarga del cuidador tras entrenamiento supervisado en ancianos pluripatológicos y paliativos. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 21(1), 271–281. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.415581
Sandelowski M. (2010). What's in a name? Qualitative description revisited. Research in nursing & health, 33(1), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20362
Sedentary Behaviour Research Network (2012). Letter to the editor: standardized use of the terms "sedentary" and "sedentary behaviours". Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism, 37(3), 540–542. https://doi.org/10.1139/h2012-024
Smith, J., & Osborn, M. (2007). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. In J. Smith (Eds.), Qualitative Psychology: A Practical Guide to Reseach Methods (2nd ed) (pp.53-80). Sage Publications, Inc.
Stults-Kolehmainen, M.A. (2023). Humans have a basic physical and psychological need to move the body: Physical activity as a primary drive. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1134049. https://doi.10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134049
Sugiyama, T., Salmon, J., Dunstan, D. W., Bauman, A. E., & Owen, N. (2007). Neighborhood walkability and TV viewing time among Australian adults. American journal of preventive medicine, 33(6), 444–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2007.07.035
Tam-Seto, L., Weir, P., & Dogra, S. (2016). Factors Influencing Sedentary Behaviour in Older Adults: An Ecological Approach. AIMS public health, 3(3), 555–572. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2016.3.555
Thorp, A. A., Owen, N., Neuhaus, M., & Dunstan, D. W. (2011). Sedentary behaviors and subsequent health outcomes in adults a systematic review of longitudinal studies, 1996-2011. American journal of preventive medicine, 41(2), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.05.004
Tremblay, M. S., Aubert, S., Barnes, J. D., Saunders, T. J., Carson, V., Latimer-Cheung, A. E., Chastin, S. F. M., Altenburg, T. M., & Chinapaw, M. J. M., SBRN Terminology Consensus Project Participants (2017). Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) - Terminology Consensus Project process and outcome. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 14(1), 75. https://doi.10.1186/s12966-017-0525-8
Van Cauwenberg, J., De Donder, L., Clarys, P., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Owen, N., Dury, S., De Witte, N., Buffel, T., Verté, D., & Deforche, B. (2014). Relationships of individual, social, and physical environmental factors with older adults' television viewing time. Journal of aging and physical activity, 22(4), 508–517. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2013-0015
World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects (2000). JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 284(23), 3043-3045. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.23.3043
Las obras que se publican en esta revista están sujetas a los siguientes términos:
1. El Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (la editorial) conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright) de las obras publicadas, y favorece y permite la reutilización de las mismas bajo la licencia de uso indicada en el punto 2.
2. Las obras se publican en la edición electrónica de la revista bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España (texto legal). Se pueden copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente, siempre que: i) se cite la autoría y la fuente original de su publicación (revista, editorial y URL de la obra); ii) no se usen para fines comerciales; iii) se mencione la existencia y especificaciones de esta licencia de uso.
3. Condiciones de auto-archivo. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir electrónicamente las versiones pre-print (versión antes de ser evaluada) y/o post-print (versión evaluada y aceptada para su publicación) de sus obras antes de su publicación, ya que favorece su circulación y difusión más temprana y con ello un posible aumento en su citación y alcance entre la comunidad académica. Color RoMEO: verde.
