Efeitos psicológicos da música em praticantes de exercício: Uma revisão sistemática
Resumo
Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática teve o objetivo de sumariar a evidência existente sobre o efeito da utilização de música durante a prática de exercício em ginásio na motivação, vitalidade, resposta afetiva ao esforço e perceção subjetiva de esforço, entre outros fatores psicológicos. Métodos: A pesquisa de artigos publicados até Janeiro de 2018 foi feita em 3 bases de dados (Pubmed, PsycINFO e SPORTDiscus), seguindo o modelo PICO, e complementada manualmente. A seguinte informação foi extraída dos artigos selecionados: tipo de estudo, características da intervenção, música (condição e instrumentos), outcomes (e instrumentos), resultados e qualidade metodológica. Esta última foi avaliada através do Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Resultados: Foram incluídos 32 artigos. Destes, 5 reportaram efeitos na motivação, 15 na resposta afetiva ao esforço, 23 na perceção subjetiva de esforço e 4 nas componentes motivacionais da música. A presença de música mostrou-se positivamente associada maiores níveis de motivação (n=3), a uma resposta afetiva ao esforço mais positiva (n=8), mas na generalidade não se mostrou associada a menores níveis de perceção de esforço (n=16). Conclusão: Apesar da presença de música aparentar ter um efeito potencialmente positivo no nível de motivação e na resposta afetiva ao esforço, a variabilidade das amostras, dos protocolos de investigação e dos instrumentos utilizados na aferição das variáveis impossibilitam a retirada de conclusões, sublinhando a necessidade de novos estudos sobre esta temática.
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