The psychological effects of music in exercisers: A systematic review

This is an outdated version published on 15-04-2020. Read the most recent version.

Authors

  • Eliana V. Carraça Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5789-811X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.368961
Keywords: Music, exercise, motivation, affect, perceived exertion

Abstract

Aim: This systematic review sought to summarize the available evidence on the effect of music presence in gym classes in motivation, vitality, exercise affective response, and perceived exertion, among other psychological factors. Methods: The search of articles published until January 2018 was conducted in three online databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus) following PICO model, and complemented manually. The following information was extracted from the selected articles: type of study, intervention characteristics, music condition and instruments, outcomes and assessment instruments, main results, and study methodological quality. The later was assessed with the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Results: A total of 32 articles were included, of which 5 reported effects on motivation, 15 on exercise affective response, 23 on perceived exertion, and 4 on the motivational aspects of music. Music presence was positively associated with higher levels of motivation (n=3), a more positive affective response to exercise (n=8), but generally not associated with lower levels of perceived exertion (n=16). Conclusion: Although music presence appears to have a potentially positive effect on motivation levels and exercise affective response, the variability in sample characteristics, research protocols, and assessment instruments prevents drawing conclusions, highlighting the need for more studies on this topic.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Atan, T. (2013). Effect of Music. Biology of Sport on Anaerobic Exercise Performance, 30(1), 35–39.

Berger, B., Pargman, D., & Weinberg, R. (2002). Foundations of Exercise Psychology. Morgantown: Fitness Information Techology, Inc.

Bigliassi, M., Estanislau, C., Carneiro, J. G., Dias Kanthack, T. F., & Altimari, L. R. (2013). Música: un recurso psicofisiológico para el ejercicio físico y deporte. Archivos de Medicina Del Deporte: Revista de La Federación Española de Medicina Del Deporte y de La Confederación Iberoamericana de Medicina Del Deporte, (157), 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ramd.2014.10.050

Bood, R. J., Nijssen, M., van der Kamp, J., & Roerdink, M. (2013). The Power of Auditory-Motor Synchronization in Sports: Enhancing Running Performance by Coupling Cadence with the Right Beats. PLoS ONE, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070758

Boutcher, S. H., & Trenske, M. (1990). The Effects of Sensory Deprivation and Music on Perceived Exertion and Affect During Exercise. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 12, 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.12.2.167

Brohmer, R., & Becker, C. (2006). Effects of Music on Wingate Performance. Journal of Undergraduate Kinesiology Research, 2(1), 1–7.

Brownley, K. A., McMurray, R. G., & Hackney, A. C. (1995). Effects of Music on Physiological and Affective Responses to Graded Treadmill Exercise in Trained and Untrained Runners. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 19(3), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(95)00007-F

Concha-Viera, A.M., Cuevas-Ferrer, R., Campos-Romero, P., & González-Hernández, J. (2017). Recursos Motivacionales para la Autorregulación en la Actividad Física en Edad Universitária. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte,17(2), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.4321/s1578-84232015000200004

Crust, L. (2008). Perceived importance of components of asynchronous music during circuit training. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(14), 1547–1555. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802315427

Edworthy, J., & Waring, H. (2006). The effects of music tempo and loudness level on treadmill exercise. Ergonomics, 49(15), 1597–1610. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130600899104

Elliott, D., Carr, S., & Orme, D. (2005). The effect of motivational music on sub-maximal exercise. European Journal of Sport Science, 5(2), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390500171310

Elliott, D., Carr, S., & Savage, D. (2004). Effects of Motivational Music on Work Output and Affective Responses During Sub-maximal Cycling of a Standardized Perceived Intensity. Journal of Sport Behavior, 27(2), 134–147.

Eurobarometer. (2017). Special Eurobarometer 472: sport and physical activity: report. Special Eurobarometer 472 (pp. 1–133). Brussels: Directorate-General for Education and Culture. Directorate-General for Communication. https://doi.org/10.2766/73002

Fernández-Ríos, L., & Buela-Casal, G. (2009). Standards for the preparation and writing of Psychology review articles. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 9(2):329-344.

Gabana, N. T., Van Raalte, J. L., Hutchinson, J. C., Brewer, B. W., & Petitpas, A. J. (2015). The Effects of Music and a Coxswain on Attentional Focus, Perceived Exertion, Motivation, and Performance During a 1,000 m Ergometer Rowing Sprint. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 27(3), 288–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2014.993775

Garber, C., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M., Franklin, B., Lamonte, M., Lee, I-Min., … Swain, D. (2011). Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(7), 1334–59. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318213fefb

Guerrero, E. A., Fajardo, G. A. & Corona, J. A. A. (2017). Explorando la Intensidad de la Música en la Frecuencia Cardiaca, Esfuerzo Percibido y Rendimiento Físico Durante el Ejercicio Sub-Máximo. Kronos, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.15517/pensarmov.v1i2.429

Guillén, F., & Ruiz-Alfonso, Z. (2015). Influence of music on physical performance, perceived exertion and motivation. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de La Actividad Fisica y Del Deporte, 15(60). https://doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2015.60.006

Halfmann, V., & Smith, S. (2014). Effect of Listening to 140 BPM Music on Sationary Cycling Time. Missouri Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 24, 5–10. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=113834134&lang=es&site=ehost-live

Hutchinson, J. C., & Karageorghis, C. I. (2013). Moderating influence of dominant attentional style and exercise intensity on responses to asynchronous music. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 35, 625–643. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.35.6.625

Hutchinson, J. C., Karageorghis, C. I. & Jones, L. (2015). See Hear: Psychological Effects of Music and Music-Video During Treadmill Running. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 49(2), 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-014-9647-2

Jarraya, M., Chtourou, H., Aloui, A., Hammouda, O., Chamari, K., Chaouachi, A., & Souissi, N. (2012). The effects of music on high-intensity short-term exercise in well trained athletes. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 3(4), 233–238. https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.34543

Karageorghis, C. I., & Jones, L. (2014). On the stability and relevance of the exercise heart rate-music-tempo preference relationship. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(3), 299–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.08.004

Karageorghis, C. I., & Terry, P. C. (1997) The Psychophysical Effects of Music in Sport and Exercise: A Review. Journal of Sport Behavior 20(1), 54-68

Karageorghis, C. I., Mouzourides, D. A., Priest, D.-L., Sasso, T. a, Morrish, D. J., & Walley, C. J. (2009). Psychophysical and ergogenic effects of synchronous music during treadmill walking. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31(1), 18–36. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.1.18

Karageorghis, C. I., Priest, D. L., Williams, L. S., Hirani, R. M., Lannon, K. M., & Bates, B. J. (2010). Ergogenic and psychological effects of synchronous music during circuit-type exercise. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(6), 551–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.06.004

Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, et al. (2009) The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med, 6(7): e1000100. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100

Lim, H. B. T., Atkinson, G., Karageorghis, C. I., & Eubank, M. R. (2009). Effects of differentiated music on cycling time trial. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(6), 435–442. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1112140

Lim, H. B. T., Karageorghis, C. I., Romer, L. M., & Bishop, D. T. (2014). Psychophysiological effects of synchronous versus asynchronous music during cycling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 46(2), 407–413. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182a6378c

Lima-Silva, A. E., Silva-Cavalcante, M. D., Pires, F. O., Bertuzzi, R., Oliveira, R. S. F., & Bishop, D. (2012). Listening to music in the first, but not the last 15km of a 5-km running trial alters pacing strategy and improves performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(10), 813–818. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1311581

Lopes-Silva, J. P., Lima-Silva, A. E., Bertuzzi, R., & Silva-Cavalcante, M. D. (2015). Influence of music on performance and psychophysiological responses during moderate-intensity exercise preceded by fatigue. Physiology and Behavior, 139, 274–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.048

Macone, D., Baldari, C., Zelli, A., & Guidetti, L. (2006). Music and Physical Activity in Psychological Well-Being. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 103(1), 285–295. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.103.1.285-295

Miguel-Calvo, J.M., Gallo, I.S., Mozas-Majano, O., & Hernández-López, J.M. (2011). Efecto del ejercicio físico en la productividad laboral y el bienestar. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 20(2), 589-604. https://doi.org/10.5093/rpadef2018a6

Mohammadzadeh, H., Tartibiyan, B., Ahmadi, A., Mohammadzadeh, H., Tartibiyan, B., & Ahmadi, A. (2008). the Effects of Music on the Perceived Exertion Rate and Performance of Trained and Untrained Individuals During Progressive Exercise. Physical Education and Sport, 6(1), 67–74.

Moreno, J.A., & Martínez, A. (2006). Importancia de la teoría de la Autodeterminación en la práctica físico-deportiva: fundamentos e implicaciones prácticas. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 6(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.4321/s1578-84232013000100005

Nakamura, P. M., Pereira, G., Papini, C. B., Nakamura, F. Y., & Kokubun, E. (2010). Effects of Preferred and Nonpreferred Music on Continuous Cycling Exercise Performance. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 110(1), 257–264. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.110.1.257-264

Nethery V. M. (2000). Competition between internal and external sources of information during exercise: influence on RPE and the impact of the exercise load. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 42(2), 172-178.

Pedersen, B. K., & Saltin, B. (2015). Exercise as medicine – evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 25, 1–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12581

Rhodes, R.E., & Kates, A. (2015). Can the Affective Response to Exercise Predict Future Motives and Physical Activity Behavior? A Systematic Review of Published Evidence. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 49 (5), 715–731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-015-9704-5

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Publications. https://doi.org/10.7202/1041847ar

Sanchez, X., Moss, S. L., Twist, C., & Karageorghis, C. I. (2014). On the role of lyrics in the music-exercise performance relationship. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(1), 132–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.10.007

Shaulov, N., & Lufi, D. (2009). Music and light during indoor cycling. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 108, 597–607. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.108.2.597-607

Simpson, S. D., & Karageorghis, C. I. (2006). The effects of synchronous music on 400-m sprint performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(10), 1095–1102. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500432789

Stork, M. J., Kwan, M. Y. W., Gibala, M. J., & Martin Ginis, K. A. (2015). Music enhances performance and perceived enjoyment of sprint interval exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47(5), 1052–1060. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000494

Souza, Y. R., & Silva, E. R. (2010). Efeitos psicofísicos da música no exercício: uma revisão. Revista Brasileira de Psicologia Do Esporte, 3(2), 33–45.

Szmedra, L., & Bacharach, D. W. (1998). Effect of music on perceived exertion, plasma lactate, norepinephrine and cardiovascular hemodynamics during treadmill running. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 19(1), 32–37. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971876

Teixeira, P. J., Carraça, E.V., Silva, M.N., Markland, D., & Ryan, R. (2012). Exercise, Physical Activity, and Self-Determination Theory: A systematic Review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9:78-108. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-78

Thakare, A. E., Mehrotra, R., & Singh, A. (2017). Effect of music tempo on exercise performance and heart rate among young adults. International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, 9(2), 35–39. https://doi.org/10.4103/1658-5127.141993

Tiev, M., Manire, S. A., Robertson, R. J., & Barbara, W. (2010). Effect of music and dialogue on perception of exertion, enjoyment, and metabolic responses during exercise. International Journal of Fitness, 6(2), 45–52.

Thomas, B.H., Ciliska, D., Dobbins, M., Micucci, S. (2004). A process for systematically reviewing the literature: providing the research evidence for public health nursing interventions. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 1:176–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-475x.2004.04006.x

World Health Organization (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/global-PA-recs-2010.pdf

Young, S. C., Sands, C. D., & Jung, A. P. (2009). Effect of music in female college Soccer players during a maximal treadmill test. International Journal of Fitness, 5(2), 31–36. Retrieved from http://libproxy.cortland.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=44137711&site=eds-live

Zarceño, E.L., Vilella, S.B., Serrano-Rosa, M.A., & López, N.P. (2017). Motivación y toma de decisiones en voleibol: Influencia de los años de experiencia. Revista de Psicología Aplicada al Deporte y al Ejercicio Físico, 1, e4, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5093/rpadef2017a4

Published
15-04-2020
Versions
How to Cite
Carraça, E. V. (2020). The psychological effects of music in exercisers: A systematic review. Sport Psychology Notebooks, 20(2), 152–173. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.368961
Issue
Section
Ciencias del Deporte