Functional Movement Screen® evaluation: comparison between elite and non-elite young swimmers
FMS® and performance in swimming
Abstract
Functional Movement Screen® (FMS®) allows to assess athlete’s movement functionality. Movement funcionality in young elite and non-elite swimmers may predict future performance. The purpose of this study is to compare FMS® scores between young elite and non-elite swimmers, and to verify their relationship with 100m freestyle performance. Thirty-two elite swimmers (age: 14.99 ± 0.13 years old; height: 1.71 ± 0.02 m; body mass: 61.28 ± 1.27 kg; Fédération Internationale de Natation [FINA] points: 651.59 ± 6.44) and 17 non-elite swimmers (age: 14.65 ± 0.19 years old; height: 165.12 ± 2.03 cm; body mass: 57.22 ± 2.43 kg; FINA points: 405.71 ± 21.41) volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study. Individual-test FMS® scores, FMS® composite score and FINA points were considered for analysis. Elite swimmers achieved higher Deep Squat (p = 0.005; ES = 0.99), Right Hurdle Step (p = 0.005; ES = 0.99), Left Hurdle Step (p = 0.002; ES = 1.08), Trunk Stability Push Up (p < 0.001; ES = 1.44) and FMS® composite (p < 0.001; ES = 1.35) scores compared to non-elite swimmers. FMS® composite scores were positively related with 100m freestyle performance (r = 0.596, r2 = 40.9%, p < 0.001). Young non-elite swimmers reveal functional deficits in tasks involving mobility of the hips, knees and ankles, and stabilization of the core and spine. Higher movement functionality is positively related with 100m freestyle performance. Swimming coaches should consider this deficits and their relationship with performance to differentiate exercise prescription between this populations.
Downloads
References
Anderson, B.E., Neumann, M.L., & Bliven, K.C.H. (2015). Functional Movement Screen Differences Between Male and Female Secondary School Athletes. J Strength Cond Res, 29(4),1098-106. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000733.
Barbosa, T., Costa, M., Marinho, D., Queirós, T., Costa, A., & Cardoso, L. (2000). Manual de referência FPN para o ensino e aperfeiçoamento em natação. Lisbon: Federação Portuguesa de Natação. ISBN: 978-989-95747-3-1.
Blache, Y., Gillet, B., Selin, J., Sevrez, V., & Rogowski, I. (2018). Scapular kinematics during scaption in competitive swimmers. European J Sports Sci, 18, 659-666. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1449893.
Bond, D., Goodson, L., Oxford, S., Nevill, A., & Duncan, M. J. (2015). The Association between Anthropometric Variables, Functional Movement Screen Scores and 100 m Freestyle Swimming Performance in Youth Swimmers. Sports, 3(1), 1–11. doi:10.3390/sports3010001.
Bullock, G.S., Brookreson, N., Knab, A.M., & Butler, R. J. (2017). Examining Fundamental Movement Competency and Closed-Chain Upper-Extremity Dynamic Balance in Swimmers. J Strength Cond Res, 31, 1544-1551. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001627.7.
Cid, L., Pires, A., Borrego, C., Duarte-Mendes, P., Teixeira, D., Moutão, J., & Monteiro, D. (2019). Motivational determinants of physical education grades and the intention to practice sport in the future. PLoS ONE, 14(5): e20217218. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217218
Chorba, R. S., Chorba, D. J., Bouillon, L. E., Overmyer, C. A., & Landis, J. A. (2010). Use of a functional movement screening tool to determine injury risk in female collegiate athletes. N Am J Sports Phys Ther, 5(2),47–54. PMID: 21589661.
Connaboy, C., Naemi, R., Brown, S., Stelios, P., McCabe, C., Coleman, S. et al. (2015). The Key Kinematic Determinants of Undulatory Underwater Swimming at Maximal Velocity. J Sports Sci, 34(11), 1036-1043. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1088162.
Cook, G., Burton, L., Hoogenboom, B. J., & Voight, M. (2014a). Functional Movement Screening: The use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function – Part 1. Int J Sports Phys Ther, 9(3), 296-409. PMID: 24944860.
Cook, G., Burton, L., Hoogenboom, B. J., & Voight M. (2014b). Functional Movement Screening: The use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function – Part 2. Int J Sports Phys Ther, 9(4), 549-563. PMID: 25133083.
Duarte-Mendes, P., Marinho, D., Monteiro, D., Cid, L., Paulo, R., Serrano, J., Petrica, J. (2019). The comparison of Imagery ability in elite, sub-elite and non-elite swimmers. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 19(2), 116-126. ISSN: 1989-5879
FINA Points Table [Internet]. Lousanne: Fédération Internationale de Natation; ©2011 [cited 2011 Mar 28]. http://www.fina.org/content/fina-points.
FINA Rules [Internet]. Lousanne: Fédération Internationale de Natation; ©2018-2020 [cited 2018 Mar 30]. Available from: http://www.fina.org/content/fina-rules.
Garrido, N. D., Silva, A. J., Fernandes, R. J., Barbosa, T. M., Costa, A. M., Marinho, D. A. , et al. (2012). High level swimming performance and its relation to non-specific parameters: a cross-sectional study on maximum handgrip isometric strength. Percept Mot Skills, 114(3), 936-48. doi:10.2466/05.10.25.PMS.114.3.936-948.
Geladas, N. D., Nassis, G. P., & Pavlicevic S. (2005). Somatic and physical traits affecting sprint swimming performance in young swimmers. Int J Sports Med, 26(2), 139-44. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-817862.
Gribble, P. A., Brigle, J., Pietrosimone, B. G., Pfile, K. R., & Webster, K. A. (2013). Intrarater reliability of the functional movement screen. J Strength Cond Res, 27(4), 978–981. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825c32a8.
Gunay, E., Oğuz, Ü., İsmet, T., & Bediz, C. F. (2017) The Relationship Between Functional Movement Screen and Swimming Performance. Sci Mov Health, 17(2 suppl), 566-570. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24840.32003.
Higson, E., Herrington, L., Butler, C., & Horsley, I. (2018). The short-term effect of swimming training load on shoulder rotational range of motion, shoulder joint position sense and pectoralis minor length. Shoulder Elbow, 10(4), 285-291. doi: 10.1177/1758573218773539.
Hill, L., Collins, M., & Posthumus, M. (2015). Risk factor for shoulder pain and injury in swimmers: A critical systematic review. Phys Sportsmed, 43(4), 412-20. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2015.1077097.
Kerr, Z. Y., Baugh, C. M., Hibberd, E. E., Snool, E. M., Hayden, R., & Dompier, T. P. (2015) Epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association men's and women's swimming and diving injuries from 2009/2010 to 2013/2014. Br J Sports Med, 49(7), 465-71. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094423.
Kiesel, K., Plisky, P. J., & Voight, M. L. (2007). Can serious injury in professional football be predicted by a preseason functional movement screen? N Am J Sports Phys Ther, 2(3), 147–158. PMID: 21522210.
Kiesel, K., Plisky, P., & Butler, R. (2011). Functional Movement test scores following a standardized off-season intervention program in professional football players. Scand J Med Sci Sport, 21(2), 287-292. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01038.x.
KNZB: Top-level sport and talent development [Internet]. Nieuwegein: Royal Dutch Swimming Federation; ©2020. Available from : https://www.knzb.nl/vereniging__wedstrijdsport/wedstrijdsport/zwemmen/topsport/.
Kraus, K., Schütz, E., Taylor, W.R., & Doyscher, R. (2014). Efficacy of the Functional Movement Screen: A review. J Strength Cond Res, 28(12), 3571–3584. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000556.
Kuzuhara, K., Shibata, M., Iguchi, J., & Uchida, R. (2018). Functional Movements in Japanese Mini-Basketball Players. J Hum Kinet, 61, 53-62. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0128.
Lakens, D. (2013). Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Front Psychol, 4, 863. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863.
Marques, V., Medeiros, T., Souza, Z., Nakamura, F., Baroni, B. (2017). The Functional Movement Screen in Elite Young Soccer Players between 14 and 20 years: Composite Score, Individual-test scores and Asymmetries. Int J Sports Phys Ther, 12(6), 977-985. PMID: 29158958.
Minick, K. I., Kiesel, K. B., Burton, L., Taylor, A., Plisky, P., & Butler, R. J. (2010). Interrater reliability of the functional movement screen. J Strength Cond Res, 24(2), 479–486. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c09c04.
Monteiro, D., Teixeira, D., Travassos, B., Duarte-Mendes, P., Moutão, J., Machado, S., & Cid, L. (2018). Perceived Effort in Football Athletes: The Role of Achievement Goal Theory and Self-Determination Theory. Front. Psychol., 9:1575. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01575
Mokha, M., Sprague, P. A., & Gatens, D. R. (2016). Predicting Musculoskeletal Injury in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II Athletes from Asymmetries and Individual-Test Versus Composite Functional Movement Screen Scores. J Athl Train ,51(4), 276–282. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-51.2.07.
Mukaka, M. M. (2012) A guide to appropriate use of Correlation coefficient in medical research. Malawi Med J, 24(3),69-71. PMID: 23638278.
Nicolazakes, C. P., Schneider, D. K., Rower, B., Borchers, J., & Hewett, T. E. (2017). Influence of Body Composition on Functional Movement Screen Scores® in Collegiate Football Players. J Sport Rehabil, 27(5),1-21. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2015-0080.
Okada, T., Huxel, K. C. , & Nesser, T. W. (2011). Relationship between core stability, functional movement, and performance. J Strength Cond Res, 25(1),252-61. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b22b3e.
Onate, J. A., Dewey, T., Kollock, R. O., Thomas, K. S., Van Lunen, B. L., DeMaio, M., et al. (2012). Real-time intersession and interrater reliability of the functional movement screen. J Strength Cond Res, 26(2), 408–415. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318220e6fa.
O’Connor, F. G., Deuster, P. A., Davis, J., Pappas, C. G., & Knapik, J. J. (2011). Functional movement screening: Predicting injuries in officer candidates. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 43(12), 2224–2230. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318223522d.
Post, A. K., Koning, R. H., Visscher, C., & Elferink-Gemser, M. T. (2020). Multigenerational Performance Development of Male and Female Top-Elite Swimmers - A Global Study of the 100m Freestyle Event. Scand J Med Sci Sports 30(3), 564-571. doi: 10.1111/sms.13599.
Silva, B., Clemente, F. M., Camoes, M., & Bezerra, P. (2017). Functional Movement Screen Scores and Physical Performance among Youth Elite Soccer Players. Sports, 5(1), pii: E16. doi: 10.3390/sports5010016.
Teyhen, D. S., Shaffer, S. W., Lorenson, C. L., Halfpap, J. P., Donofry, D. F., Walker, M. J., et al. (2012). The functional movement screen: A reliability study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 42(6), 530–540. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2012.3838.
Las obras que se publican en esta revista están sujetas a los siguientes términos:
1. El Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (la editorial) conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright) de las obras publicadas, y favorece y permite la reutilización de las mismas bajo la licencia de uso indicada en el punto 2.
2. Las obras se publican en la edición electrónica de la revista bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España (texto legal). Se pueden copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente, siempre que: i) se cite la autoría y la fuente original de su publicación (revista, editorial y URL de la obra); ii) no se usen para fines comerciales; iii) se mencione la existencia y especificaciones de esta licencia de uso.
3. Condiciones de auto-archivo. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir electrónicamente las versiones pre-print (versión antes de ser evaluada) y/o post-print (versión evaluada y aceptada para su publicación) de sus obras antes de su publicación, ya que favorece su circulación y difusión más temprana y con ello un posible aumento en su citación y alcance entre la comunidad académica. Color RoMEO: verde.
