Determinantes do comportamento sedentário de idosos que residem em Portugal: análise temática qualitativa a partir da SOS-framework
Resumen
El proceso de envejecimiento provoca una disminución general de las capacidades del individuo. Asociado al comportamiento sedentario, que tiene numerosas consecuencias para la salud, es importante entender y crear estrategias para modificar este comportamiento, con el fin de promover una mejor calidad de vida. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y comprender los determinantes del comportamiento sedentario entre las personas mayores que viven en Portugal. Participaron en el estudio 12 personas mayores de entre 71 y 86 años (M = 78,92 años; DT = 6,52), que completaron una entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos recogidos se analizaron desde una perspectiva interpretativa, asumiendo una ontología relativista y una epistemología subjetivista. Los resultados revelaron determinantes que se agruparon en seis grupos: Salud y bienestar, Contexto social y cultural, Comportamiento y psicología, Entorno construido y natural, Entorno institucional/doméstico y, Política y economía. Los determinantes más mencionados por los participantes para permanecer en el CS fueron las limitaciones físicas, las actividades organizadas en grupo (sentarse), la soledad, la falta de motivación y de facilidades para salir de casa, las políticas institucionales, la comodidad de la habitación y, por último, las autoridades locales que no realizan actividades, a veces por falta de recursos económicos. Así, nos damos cuenta de que el comportamiento sedentario está determinado por varios factores y todos ellos están relacionados entre sí; sin embargo, no podemos generalizar, y se requiere un análisis contextual individual y específico para ajustar las estrategias al individuo/grupo.
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