SALIVA AS A SOURCE OF BIOMARKERS IN PIGS: GENERAL CONCEPTS AND RECENT ADVANCES
Abstract
The use of saliva in the pig has gained importance due in the last years to its ease of sampling, without causing stress or pain in the animal. In addition to identifying pathogens, it is a source of biomarkers used to evaluate general pig health and well-being. The different biomarkers that can be detected are related to stress, inflammation, the immune system, oxidative state, or sepsis. In this way, panels can be formed including several groups of these biomarkers inside the concept known as sialochemistry. Among the most novel biomarkers recently identified are those specific to sepsis processes, such as procalcitonin, aldolase or S100 proteins, which are considered to be a potential application for the rational use of antibiotics. In addition, the usefulness of saliva to reflect positive emotions in these animals has recently been demonstrated by detecting oxytocin. It is expected that in the future the use of these markers can be adapted at a routine level in pig production systems.
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