El uso de teléfonos mobiles por parte de los adolescentes en las interacciones familiares: aceptabilidad, comportamiento y consecuencias
Resumen
Este estudio investiga la relación entre la aceptabilidad percibida por los niños del uso del teléfono mobil durante las interacciones familiares, su comportamiento real de uso y las percepciones de las consecuencias negativas en la dinámica familiar. Basado en la Teoría del Comportamiento Planeado y en el Modelo de Aceptación de la Tecnología, plantea la hipótesis de que una mayor aceptabilidad conduce a un uso más frecuente del teléfono mobil y, en consecuencia, a consecuencias más negativas durante las interacciones familiares. Se empleó un diseño longitudinal con datos recogidos a lo largo de cuatro oleadas de 284 niños de 11 a 15 años. Los niños autorreportaron sus percepciones de la aceptabilidad del uso del teléfono (oleada 2), su comportamiento de uso del teléfono (oleada 3) y las consecuencias de dicho uso en las interacciones padre-hijo (oleada 4). El modelado de ecuaciones estructurales no mostró un efecto directo de la aceptabilidad sobre las consecuencias negativas, pero sí evidenció efectos indirectos significativos a través del comportamiento real de uso del teléfono, particularmente en las interacciones familiares indirectas. Los hallazgos subrayan que la aceptabilidad percibida por los niños del uso del teléfono contribuye a patrones de uso que pueden perturbar la comunicación familiar, especialmente en contextos donde la atención está compartida pero no enfocada. Los resultados destacan la importancia de abordar tanto los aspectos cognitivos como los conductuales del uso de medios digitales en la vida familiar y sugieren la necesidad de intervenciones educativas dirigidas a promover un uso consciente del teléfono mobil entre los niños y sus familias.
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