Estilos de personalidad y repertorios conductuales en niñas con altas capacidades: el problema de la subrepresentación

Autores/as

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.655231
Palabras clave: Personalidad, Comportamiento, Altas capacidades , Género, Adolescentes

Resumen

Se han dado varias explicaciones para la infrarrepresentación de las mujeres dentro de la población superdotada, incluidas las diferencias en los rasgos de personalidad, las competencias y/o motivaciones, las creencias y los estereotipos de género, las expectativas y los comportamientos diferenciados por género; esto resalta la importancia de incluir estos factores en los protocolos de observación, evaluación y tamizaje de niños y adolescentes. Por lo tanto, este estudio tiene como objetivo definir si existen diferencias significativas en los estilos de personalidad y los patrones de comportamiento relacionados con el género en adolescentes de altas capacidades. Participaron 159 adolescentes de entre 11 y 16 años, divididos en dos grupos. (1) Grupo de superdotados: un grupo de 85 adolescentes (40 niños, 45 niñas); (2) Grupo típico: un grupo de 74 adolescentes (49 niños, 25 niñas). Todos los sujetos fueron evaluados utilizando pruebas de personalidad, resiliencia, perfeccionismo, seguimiento de reglas, pensamiento perseverativo y evitación experiencial. Los resultados revelaron que las niñas superdotadas tenían puntuaciones más altas que los niños en algunos estilos de personalidad y patrones de comportamiento considerados "negativos". Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de evaluar y apoyar a la población superdotada.

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Biografía del autor/a

María del Mar Gómez Pérez, Universidad de Málaga

M. Mar Gómez-Pérez es doctora en Psicología. Es profesora de la Universidad de Málaga; y está adscrita al grupo de investigación Hum129- experimental y conductual aplicado. Su investigación se centra en la evaluación tradicional y dinámica, y en la aplicación de programas de entrenamiento cognitivo (funciones ejecutivas) y social (habilidades interpersonales) en niños superdotados, trastorno del espectro autista o niños y adolescentes asociados a alto riesgo familiar.

María Dolores Calero García, Universidad de Granada

M. Dolores Calero es Catedrática de Psicología en el Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico de la Universidad de Granada. Actualmente, está adscrita al CIMCYC – Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Granada). Lleva más de 30 años trabajando en temas relacionados con el potencial de aprendizaje, la evaluación dinámica y la aplicación de programas de formación cognitiva y social.

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Publicado
05-04-2026
Cómo citar
Gómez Pérez, M. del M., García Martín, M. B., & Calero García, M. D. (2026). Estilos de personalidad y repertorios conductuales en niñas con altas capacidades: el problema de la subrepresentación. Anales De Psicología Annals of Psychology, 42(2), e17. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.655231