The mediating role of hopelessness and emotional dysregulation on the relationship between invalidating environments in childhood and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents

Sandra Perez-Rodriguez; Maria Jose Sempere; Jose Enrique Layron-Folgado; Jose H. Marco; Blanca Gallego Hernández de Tejada

doi:10.6018/analesps.620671

Autores/as

Sandra Perez-Rodriguez Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments. Universidad de Valencia. Valencia, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1210-8732
Maria Jose Sempere Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments. Universidad de Valencia. Valencia, Spain / CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8122-1603
Jose Enrique Layron-Folgado Universidad Internacional de Valencia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5873-0194
Jose H. Marco Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments. Universidad de Valencia. Valencia, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1545-6452
Blanca Gallego Hernández de Tejada Universidad Católica de Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”. Valencia, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7673-579X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.620671

Palabras clave: Autolesiones no suicidas, Ambientes invalidantes, desesperanza, Desregulación emocional, factores de riesgo

Agencias de apoyo

This research receives specific support from Catholic University of Valencia, code UCV-2018-176-001

Resumen

Las autolesiones no suicidas (ANS) abarcan cualquier daño autoinfligido en la superficie del cuerpo sin intención suicida. Los principales factores de riesgo incluyen los entornos invalidantes durante la infancia, la desesperanza y la desregulación emocional, que son las variables principales estudiadas en este trabajo. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar si existe una interacción entre estas variables y cómo se relacionan con la aparición de las ANS en adolescentes. La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 1733 estudiantes de entre 12 y 19 años (media de edad 15.76, DT = 1.77; n = 809, 46.7% hombres, n = 924, 53.3%, mujeres). Se calcularon estadísticos descriptivos para la muestra y las correlaciones entre las diferentes variables evaluadas. Se analizaron dos modelos de mediación, el primero con los ambientes invalidantes como variable indirecta y las ANS como variable directa en ambos casos. La desesperanza fue la variable mediadora en un modelo y la desregulación emocional en el otro. Los resultados mostraron que el 24.6% de los adolescentes se habín autolesionado al menos una vez en su vida y el 12.7% había recurrido a métodos más graves. Todas las variables analizadas correlacionaron de manera positiva y significativa con las ANS, excepto la subescala de atención/desatención de la desregulación emocional. En ambos modelos de mediación tanto la desesperanza como la desregulación emocional tuvieron un efecto indirecto en la relación entre los ambientes invalidantes por parte del padre y de la madre y la presencia de ANS en la adolescencia. En conclusión, la desesperanza y la desregulación emocional aumentan el riesgo de involucrarse en conductas autolesivas durante la adolescencia cuando se han experimentado situaciones familiares invalidantes durante la infancia.

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