Cambio en la jerarquía de necesidades básicas de Maslow: evidencia desde el estudio del bienestar subjetivo en México
Resumen
La pirámide de Maslow es un símbolo que ha perdurado en la imagen de psicólogos, científicos, empresarios y políticos de todo el mundo; su premisa expresa jerarquización de necesidades, pero en ocasiones se confunde con secuencialidad y ascendencia de satisfacción que inicia con necesidades fisiológicas y culmina con autorrealización. En el presente artículo se examina empíricamente la jerarquía de necesidades básicas desde el enfoque del bienestar subjetivo en México. Los análisis se llevan a cabo con una muestra de 38,560 casos de la población mexicana, empleando un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple stepwise forward. Como hallazgo principal se encuentra que las necesidades de amor y pertenencia son las que explican en mayor grado la satisfacción con la vida, la jerarquía propuesta por Maslow cambia en tanto su importancia para el bienestar subjetivo. Se discute la relevancia de las necesidades de pertenencia como factor explicativo del bienestar en México.
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