¿Citar al Raven? ¡Siempre! Un análisis morfométrico cerebral de la jerarquía de la inteligencia
Agencias de apoyo
- This research was partially supported by Grant PSI2010-20364 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain) and PID2022-141787NB-I00 (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain). FJR and MB were supported by PID2022- 141787NB-I00 (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain).
Resumen
En este estudio se comprueba la hipótesis de que, si el test de matrices progresivas de Raven (RAPM) es la mejor medida disponible del factor general de inteligencia (g), entonces sus correlatos cerebrales deben mostrar una mayor coincidencia con g que la observada en otras medidas de inteligencia. Para ello, se analizaron los correlatos de materia gris con los diferentes niveles de la jerarquía de la inteligencia, comprobando las consistencias y discrepancias entre los test y los constructos. Un grupo de 104 adultos jóvenes completó una batería de nueve pruebas de inteligencia que medían la inteligencia fluida-abstracta (Gf), cristalizada-verbal (Gc) y espacial (Gv). Este grupo también se realizó una resonancia magnética. Se calcularon las puntuaciones psicométricas para el factor de orden superior que representaba la inteligencia general (g), los factores de grupo de primer orden que representaban Gf, Gc y Gv y, por último, las nueve medidas específicas. Se obtuvieron evaluaciones optimizadas de morfometría basada en vóxeles (VBM) y morfometría basada en la superficie cortical (SBM, grosor cortical y área de la superficie cortical) y sus indicadores se relacionaron con las puntuaciones. Se inspeccionaron sistemáticamente las superposiciones entre los mapas cerebrales resultantes, controlando el sexo, la edad y la lateralidad. Los resultados de VBM identificaron una superposición en un grupo del giro frontal medio derecho, mientras que los resultados del área de la superficie cortical mostraron una superposición en la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral derecha, para RAPM, Gf y g. Estos resultados se consideraron coherentes con la hipótesis principal y, por lo tanto, respaldan al RAPM como la mejor estimación única de g.
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