Psychometric adaptation of the Family-Centred Practice Scales (FCPS) in families of children with unspecified intellectual disabilities
Abstract
Introducción. El presente trabajo examina las percepciones de los padres de niños con discapacidad intelectual no especificada (DIE) sobre cómo se cuida a dichos niños en su centro de tratamiento, y destaca la importancia de las intervenciones educativas y terapéuticas personalizadas. El estudio subraya la necesidad de estrategias individualizadas y la contribución de la colaboración multidisciplinar para mejorar los resultados del desarrollo infantil. El objetivo central del presente estudio fue evaluar las características psicométricas de la adaptación española de las Escalas de Prácticas Centradas en la Familia (ECF) entre padres de niños con DIE en España. Métodos. Un total de 221 padres (112 mujeres y 109 hombres) participaron en este estudio. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, análisis factorial confirmatorio, análisis de invarianza de género, análisis convergente y divergente e índices de fiabilidad, y una comparación longitudinal de las puntuaciones después de seis meses. Los datos se recopilaron utilizando escalas tipo Likert personalizadas, seguidas de análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Resultados. El análisis factorial exploratorio indicó que las ECF miden eficazmente las prácticas centradas en la familia, conservando su estructura original de dos factores: prácticas relacionales y prácticas participativas. El análisis factorial confirmatorio confirmó una alta consistencia interna para la puntuación global. El análisis de invarianza de medición demostró que la FCPS es consistente en función del género y la edad dentro de esta población. No se observaron cambios significativos en la puntuación después de seis meses. Discusión. Los hallazgos respaldan la FCPS como una herramienta confiable para evaluar las prácticas centradas en la familia en la Intervención Temprana para niños con discapacidad intelectual no especificada. El estudio destaca la importancia de adoptar enfoques centrados en la familia y enfatiza la necesidad de mayor capacitación y recursos para brindar un apoyo tanto a los profesionales como a las familias. Esta investigación contribuye a la comprensión de los factores que afectan la adaptación familiar y el papel de las intervenciones individualizadas en la mejora del desarrollo infantil, independientemente de la causa de la discapacidad intelectual del niño. El documento enfatiza la importancia de un enfoque constructivo y de apoyo por parte de los profesionales para empoderar a las familias en el manejo de los desafíos que enfrentan.
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