Learner agency, entrepreneurial skill and flexibility of learning experiences
Abstract
Entrepreneurship education requires connecting students to situations in the outside world, and technology-enriched learning environments are suitable for this purpose. Entrepreneurship education is conceived not only to teach how to run a business or set up a company, but also to foster creative thinking and promote a strong sense of self-esteem and empowerment. The skills associated with entrepreneurial competence are largely qualities of the learner's agency and refer to the capacity to act intentionally, the subject's intention, motivation, proactivity and capacity to act. Agency, like entrepreneurial competence, is related to the preparation for expert work (enhancing creativity, collaboration, co-construction of knowledge and working practices).
A study of agency in learning situations characterised by learner-centred methodologies, especially through flexible learning pathways, is presented here.
The AUS2 questionnaire is used for the analysis of agency and the results present a selection of questions whose data are related to the qualities associated with entrepreneurship. This selection is used for indicative purposes only. We also do not have data on agency in other learning situations with which to compare. The results show high values, in general, and especially in the assessment of the participatory factors referring to the perception of equal opportunities, the ability to make decisions or the possibility to influence the course, in terms of facilitating autonomy and awareness and responsibility in one's own learning process.
Downloads
References
Agudelo, O. y Salinas, J. (2015). Flexible Learning Itineraries Based on Conceptual Maps. J. New Approaches Educ. Res., 4, 70–76. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2015.7.130
Ananiadou, K. y Claro, M. (2010). 21st Century Skills and Competences for New Millennium Learners in OECD Countries; OECD Education Working Papers: Paris, France. https://doi.org/10.1787/218525261155
Androutsos, A. y Brinia, V. (2019). Developing and piloting a pedagogy for teaching innovation, collaboration, and co-creation in secondary education based on design thinking, digital transformation, and entrepreneurship. Educ. Sci. 9, 113, https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci9020113
Bacigalupo, M., Kampylis, P., Punie, Y. y Van den Brande, G. (2016). EntreComp: The Entrepreneur- ship Competence Framework. Publication Office of the European Union. EUR 27939 EN. https://doi.org/10.2791/593884
Bartolomé, A. y Lindín, C. (2018). Posibilidades del Blockchain en Educación. Education in the Knowledge Society, 19(4), 81-93. http://doi.org/10.14201/eks20181948193
Bernal-Guerrero, A. y Cárdenas-Gutiérrez, A. R. (2021). La educación de la competencia emprendedora como iniciativa y autonomía personal. Cuestiones Pedagógicas. Revista De Ciencias De La Educación, 2(30), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.12795/CP.2021.i30.v2.02
Buchem, I., Tur, G. y Hoelterhof, T. (2020). The role of learner control and psychological ownership for self-regulated learning in technology-enhanced learning designs. Interaction Design and Architecture(s) Journal - IxD&A, 45,112-132. https://bit.ly/38eaBVj
Castañeda, S., Peñalosa, E. y Austria, F. (2014). Efectos de perfiles agentivos y no agentivos sobre la formación teórica del psicólogo. Componentes de epistemología personal, cognitivos y autorregulatorios. Facultad de Psicología UNAM / CONACyT
Coiduras, J.L., Blanch, A. y Barbero, I. (2020). Initial teacher education in a dual-system: Addressing the observation of teaching performance. Studies In Educational Evaluation, 64(100834), pp. 1 - 7 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2019.100834 .
Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE
de-Benito, B., Moreno-García, J. y Villatoro Moral, S. (2020a). Entornos tecnológicos en el codiseño de itinerarios personalizados de aprendizaje en la enseñanza superior. Edutec. Revista Electrónica De Tecnología Educativa, 74, 72-93. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2020.74.1843
de Benito, B. y Salinas, J. (2016). La investigación basada en diseño en Tecnología Educativa. RIITE. Revista Interuniversitaria de Investigación en Tecnología Educativa, 0, 44–59. https://doi.org/10.6018/riite2016/260631
de-Benito, B., Villatoro, S. y Salinas, J. (2020b). Propuesta de itinerarios personalizados de aprendizaje en la formación inicial docente. En C. Lindín, M. B. Esteban, J. C. . Bergman, N. Castells, y P. Rivera-Vargas (Eds.), Llibre d’actes de la I Conferència Internacional de Recerca en educació. Educació 2019: reptes, tendències i compromisos (pp. 567-575). LiberLibro. https://bit.ly/3sUyeZX
Eteläpelto, A., Vähäsantanen, K., Hökkä, P. y Paloniemi, S. (2013). What is agency? Conceptualizing professional agency at work. Educational Research Review, 10, 45–65.
European Commission (2018). EntreComp into Action: get inspired, make it happen. https://bit.ly/3lGM6TC
Fayolle, A. (2013): Personal views on future of entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship Regional Development: an international Journal. 25(7-8) 692-701 https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2013.821318
Foucrier, T. y Wiek, A. A (2019) Process-Oriented Framework of Competencies for Sustainability Entrepreneurship. Sustainability, 11, 7250, https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247250
Goller, M. y Paloniemi, S. (Eds.) (2017). Agency at work. Agentic perspective on professional learning and development. Professional and Practice-based Learning series. Springer
González-Salamanca, J.C.; Agudelo, O.L. y Salinas, J. (2020). Key Competences, Education for Sustainable Development and Strategies for the Development of 21st Century Skills. A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 12, 10366. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410366
Gros, B. y Noguera, I. (2013). Mirando el futuro: Evolución de las tendencias tecnopedagógicas en Educación Superior. Campus Virtuales, 2, 130–140
Häkkinen, P., Virtanen, T., Virtanen, A., Näykki, P., Pöysä-, J., Niilo-rämä, M. y Järvelä, S. (2019). Finnish pre-service teachers’ perceptions of their strategic learning skills and collaboration dispositions. J. Educ. Teach. 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2019.1708628
Jääskelä, P., Poikkeus, A.M., Vasalampi, K., Valleala, U.M., y Rasku-Puttonen, H. (2017). Assessing agency of university students: Validation of the AUS Scale. Studies in Higher Education, 42(11), 2061-2079. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1130693
Jääskelä Päivikki, T.A., Marin Victoria, H.P. y Poikkeus, A.M. (2018). Students agency experiences in Finnish and Spanish university courses. ECER. Bolzano, Italia.
Jääskelä, P., Heilala, V., Kärkkäinen, T. y Häkkinen, P. (2020). Student agency analytics: learning analytics as a tool for analysing student agency in higher education. Behaviour & Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2020.1725130
Janssen, J., Berlanga, A.J. y Koper, R. (2011) Evaluation of the Learning Path Specification. Educ. Technol. Soc., 14, 218–230
Jiménez, R. (2015). Educación emprendedora: aprender a emprender. En Jiménez, R.(coord.). Educación emprendedora Programa TALOS para el desarrollo de la iniciativa emprendedora en Ciencias de la Educación. Octaedro.
Manual de Oslo (2006) Guia para la recolección e interpretación de datos de innovación; tercera edición. OECD, European communities y Eurostat.
Marín-Juarros, V., Negre-Bennasar, F. y Pérez-Garcias, A. (2014). Construction of the foundations of the PLE and PLN for collaborative learning. [Entornos y redes personales de aprendizaje (PLE-PLN) para el aprendizaje colaborativo]. Comunicar, 42, 35-43. https://doi.org/10.3916/C42-2014-03
Paganelli, A. (2017). Power to the pupil: school libraries and student agency. Knowledge Quest, 45(4).
Paz-Lourido, B. y de-Benito, B. (2021). Editorial del número especial: El Aprendizaje-Servicio en el Entorno de las Tecnologías Digitales. Edutec. Revista Electrónica De Tecnología Educativa, 78, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2021.78.2317
Peña, J. V. Cárdenas, A. Rodríguez, A. y Sánchez, E. (2015). La cultura emprendedora como objetivo educativo: marco general y estado de la cuestión. En L. Núñez (coord.), Cultura emprendedora y educación (pp. 19-59). Universidad de Sevilla.
Salinas, J. y De-Benito, B. (2020). Construcción de itinerarios personalizados de aprendizaje mediante métodos mixtos. Comunicar. 28(65), 31-42, https://doi.org/10.3916/C65-2020-03
Salinas, J., de-Benito, B., Moreno, J. y Lizana, A. (2022). Nuevos diseños y formas organizativas flexibles en educación superior: Construcción de itinerarios personales de aprendizaje. Pixel-Bit. Revista de Medios y Educación, 63, 65-91. https://doi.org/10.12795/pixelbit.91739
Severance, S., Penuel, W.R., Sumner, T. y Leary, H. (2016). Organizing for Teacher Agency in Curricular Co-Design. J. Learn. Sci. 25, 531–564, https://doi.org/10.1080/10508406.2016.1207541
Silva Quiroz, J. E. y Lázaro-Cantabrana, J. L. (2020). La competencia digital de la ciudadanía, una necesidad creciente en una sociedad digitalizada. Edutec. Revista Electrónica De Tecnología Educativa, 73, 37-50. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2020.73.1743
Starkey, L. 2017. Three dimensions of student-centred education: A framework for policy and practice. Critical Studies in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2017.1281829
Trede, F., Macklin, R., y Bridges, D. (2012). Professional identity development: a review of the higher education literature. Studies in Higher Education 37(3), 365–384.
Van Mechelen, M., Schut, A., Gielen, M. y Södergren, A.C. (2019). Children’s assessment of co-design skills: Creativity, empathy and collaboration. In IDC’19, Proceedings of the18th ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (pp. 520–526). https://doi.org/10.1145/3311927.3325334
Veletsianos, G. y Houlden, S. (2020). Radical Flexibility and Relationality as Responses to Education in Times of Crisis. Postdigit Sci Educ 2, 849–862. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00196-3
Zabala, M.A y Castañeda, S. (2014). Fenomenología de agencia y educación. Notas para el análisis del concepto de agencia humana y sus proyecciones en el ámbito educativo. Magister, 26, 98-104.
Copyright (c) 2022 Jesús Salinas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Those authors who have publications with this journal accept the following terms:
a. The authors will retain their copyright and guarantee the journal the right of first publication of their work, which will be simultaneously subject to the Creative Commons License. Non-commercial attribution 4.0 International that allows to share, copy, and redistribute the material in any medium or format and adapt, remix, transform and build on the material in the following terms:
Recognition - You must give the appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes have been made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in a way that suggests that the licensor or its use endorses it. Non-commercial - You cannot use the material for commercial purposes. Share under it - If you remix, transform, or create on the material, your contributions must be distributed under the same license as the original.
b. Authors may adopt other non-exclusive licensing agreements for the distribution of the published work (e.g. deposit it in an institutional telematic file or publish it in a monographic volume) whenever the initial publication in this journal is indicated.
c. Authors are allowed and encouraged to distribute their work through the Internet (e.g. in institutional telematic archives or on their website) before and during the submission process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase citations of the published work. (See The effect of open access).
d. In any case, the Editorial Team understands that the opinions expressed by the authors are their exclusive responsibility.