Distracciones y comprensión durante la lectura en digital: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/riite.629921
Palabras clave: Lectura, comprensión del texto, atención, distracción digital, educación

Resumen

Leer en un medio digital es una tarea compleja y multifactorial. La influencia del medio sobre la comprensión puede verse moderada por diferentes factores. La atención durante la lectura puede verse desplazada por una distracción. El efecto sobre la comprensión dependerá de los procesos cognitivos involucrados. Existe cierta predisposición a la multitarea, la cual implica un coste que afecta a la tarea principal. Esta investigación hace una revisión de los tipos de distracciones que tienen lugar durante la lectura y su efecto en la comprensión lectora. Además, se analizan los moderadores del efecto negativo encontrados o contemplados en estos estudios. Inicialmente, se encontraron 278 estudios, de los cuales 12 fueron incluidos en la revisión final tras aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad y evaluación de la calidad. Los resultados indican que el uso de un medio digital se ve condicionado por distracciones visuales, multitarea y las funciones interactivas, siendo su efecto sobre variables como el tiempo de lectura o la comprensión lectora heterogéneo. Sin embargo, parece constatarse que una mayor carga cognitiva de la distracción afecta al rendimiento durante la lectura. Por otra parte, moderadores como el interés o la relectura ayudan a compensar el efecto negativo. Un uso exitoso de los medios digitales en el aprendizaje pasa por conocer las problemáticas que pueden surgir y crear un entorno que mitigue los posibles efectos negativos.

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Publicado
01-12-2024
Cómo citar
Velázquez Castillo, M. E. (2024). Distracciones y comprensión durante la lectura en digital: una revisión sistemática. RiiTE Revista interuniversitaria de investigación en Tecnología Educativa, (17), 133–159. https://doi.org/10.6018/riite.629921
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