Revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis en Educación: un tutorial

Autores/as

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/riite.545451
Palabras clave: Meta-análisis, Revisión sistemática, Educación basada en la evidencia, Tamaño del efecto

Resumen

Las revisiones sistemáticas (RSs) y los meta-análisis (MAs) constituyen una metodología consolidada en las Ciencias Sociales y de la Salud. Su propósito es sintetizar los resultados de estudios empíricos para dar respuesta a alguna pregunta de interés. Tomando como base una revisión comprehensiva de la literatura sobre RSs y MAs, se presenta en este artículo un tutorial sobre cómo hacer este tipo de investigaciones. Para ello, se describe su desarrollo siguiendo siete etapas: (1) formulación de la pregunta de interés; (2) definición de los criterios de selección de los estudios; (3) búsqueda de los estudios mediante el uso de fuentes formales e informales; (4) extracción de las características de los estudios; (5) definición del resultado de los estudios, haciendo hincapié en los índices del tamaño del efecto (ej., familia d y familia r); (6) métodos de síntesis, distinguiendo entre síntesis meta-analítica y otros métodos de síntesis, y (7) publicación o redacción de la RS/MA. También se presentan recomendaciones sobre cómo hacer lectura crítica de RSs/MAs hechas por otros y se presentan checklists y guías orientativas sobre cómo redactarlas, tales como los checklists PRISMA, AMSTAR-2, MOOSE o REGEMA, entre otros. Finalmente, se discuten las ventajas y las limitaciones de las RSs/MAs y se alcanzan algunas reflexiones finales, centrando la atención en la importancia de valorar posibles sesgos en los resultados de este tipo de investigación.

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Publicado
01-12-2022
Cómo citar
Sánchez-Meca, J. (2022). Revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis en Educación: un tutorial. RiiTE Revista interuniversitaria de investigación en Tecnología Educativa, 5–40. https://doi.org/10.6018/riite.545451