Evaluación en la educación médica desde el contexto virtual: una revisión sistemática
Resumen
La evaluación constituye uno de los temas más estudiados por la comunidad científica debido a su complejidad e impacto en el aprendizaje. En contextos virtuales, la evaluación ha sido objeto de análisis en varios estudios de educación superior para comprender su implementación con el aprovechamiento que ofrecen las tecnologías. Si bien los aportes sobre esta temática son aplicables a todos los ámbitos educativos, la evaluación puede variar según factores didácticos y pedagógicos específicos, como es el caso de la educación médica. En esta dirección se carecen de investigaciones teóricas que determinen las tendencias en la evaluación en la educación médica en contextos virtuales. Esta investigación contribuye a solucionar este vacío teórico a partir de una revisión sistemática. Para ello, se aplicó el protocolo PRISMA a estudios presentes en la Web of Science Core Collection (2018 - mayo 2023) y se realizó un análisis de contenido a la literatura científica (n = 46). Los resultados mostraron similitudes en las tendencias evaluativas en contextos virtuales tanto en la educación superior como en la educación médica. Se concluye que las evaluaciones con el uso recursos multimedia, exámenes en línea, a través del juego, mediante videoconferencias, plataformas educativas y aprendizaje invertido son tendencias evaluativas en contextos virtuales similares a estudios generales de educación. Sin embargo, se destaca que la evaluación basada en simulaciones, inteligencia artificial, realidad virtual y aumentada, son las tendencias más acentuadas en la educación médica.
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