Análise das variáveis psicológicas ligadas ao desempenho no voleibol de praia: uma revisão integrativa e recomendações práticas
Agências Suporte
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES
Resumo
O voleibol de praia é um importante esporte coletivo em que aspectos físicos, técnicos, táticos e psicológicos/sociais são fundamentais para o desempenho esportivo. No entanto, esta é a primeira revisão que teve como objetivo analisar a produção científica sobre variáveis psicológicas no voleibol de praia. Essa é uma revisão integrativa em que foi realizada uma busca em cinco bases de dados eletrônicas (PubMed/MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus/EBSCO, SciELO, Scopus e BIREME) até setembro de 2022, de forma sistemática. Os temos usados foram “beach volleyball” OU “voleibol de praia” OU “vôlei de praia”. Além disso, foram incluídos nessa busca pesquisas com atletas, intervenções agudas e crônicas, estudos de vários métodos (e.g., experimental, observacional) que envolviam variáveis psicológicas. A busca inicial identificou 652 artigos, após a busca manual e aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, 18 estudos foram integrados a uma síntese final. A maioria dos estudos foi publicada entre 2011 e 2022 (n= 14; 77,78%). O desenho observacional foi o principal método utilizado (n= 10; 55,56%). Os estudos foram agrupados em nove grandes tópicos para síntese: situação de estresse, níveis de ativação, concentração, orientação para metas e motivação, fadiga mental e desempenho, ansiedade e desempenho, ambientes desanimadores, relacionamento entre as partes da equipe, estratégias de enfrentamento. As relações sociais e o autocontrole parecem importantes para o desempenho, portanto treinadores devem se comporta como modelo para os atletas. Além disso, psicólogos do esporte podem ajudar a monitorizar as variáveis psicológicas, na dinâmica da equipa e desenvolver de competências psicológicas.
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Referências
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